Research Article

The Predictability of Cystatin C for Peripheral Arterial Disease in Chinese Population with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Table 4

Main risk factors associated with increased risk of developing PAD.

Risk factorOR (95% CI)Regression coefficientRisk points

Age1.075 (1.049-1.102)<0.0010.0731
Smoking status
 Never1.000
 Ever1.233 (0.528-2.881)0.6290.2093
 Current6.040 (3.126-11.672)<0.0011.79825
Sex
 Male1.000
 Female2.866 (1.571-5.227)0.0011.05314
WBC (109/L)
  <8.9751.000
  ≥8.9752.856 (1.673-4.873)<0.0011.04914
CysC (mg/L)
 <0.9151.000
 ≥0.9152.497 (1.535-4.064)<0.0010.91513
RBC (1012/L)
 ≥4.4551.000
 <4.4552.090 (1.334-3.276)0.0010.73710
Diabetic course (years)
 <11.51.000
 ≥11.51.667 (1.078-2.577)0.0210.5117
PLT (109/L)
 <206.5001.000
 ≥206.5001.771 (1.097-2.859)0.0190.5728

Main risk factors associated with increased risk of developing PAD. This table used the stepwise logistic regression analysis to find the independent risk factor for developing of PAD. The risk factors used in stepwise logistic regression analysis included age, sex, CysC, PLT, WBC, RBC, diabetes course, smoking status, urea nitrogen, beta 2 microglobulin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, homocysteine, fibrinogen, and alanine aminotransferase. We chose an entry probability of <0.05 by the stepwise selection method. The risk points of each significantly associated risk factors are created by dividing the regression coefficient of each risk factor by the selected constant (regression coefficient of age) and then rounded to the nearest integer. One risk point equals the risk of developing PAD with each year increase in age in this population. To assess the PAD risk associated with combined exposure, a combined exposure score was obtained by summing the individual risk points for each participant. Abbreviations: WBC: white blood cell; CysC: cystatin C; RBC: red blood cell; PLT: platelets.