Empagliflozin-Metformin Combination Has Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties that Correlate with Vascular Protection in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of the participants at inclusion to the study according to the study groups: control group (CTRL), empagliflozin 25 mg daily group (EMPA), metformin 2000 mg daily group (MET), or empagliflozin-metformin combination group (EMPA-MET COMB).

	CTRL ()	EMPA ()	MET ()	EMPA-MET COMB ()
Average age (years)
Type 1 diabetes duration (years)
BMI (kg/m^2)
Waist circumference (cm)
Baseline HbA1c (%)
Smokers	2 (20%)	2 (20%)	2 (20%)	2 (20%)
Arterial hypertension	4 (40%)	3 (30%)	3 (30%)	4 (40%)
Dyslipidaemia	2 (20%)	3 (30%)	2 (20%)	3 (30%)
Diabetic kidney disease	2 (20%)	3 (30%)	2 (20%)	2 (20%)
Diabetic retinopathy	4 (40%)	5 (50%)	4 (40%)	4 (40%)
Diabetic neuropathy	1 (10%)	2 (20%)	1 (10%)	1 (10%)
Previous cardiovascular events	1 (10%)	1 (10%)	1 (0%)	1 (10%)

Values are expressed as error of the mean or number of patients in separate groups. Number of participants with a condition (smoking, arterial hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetic kidney disease, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and previous cardiovascular event) is stated in addition to their relative share in a particular group. BMI: body mass index; HbA1c: glycated haemoglobin.