Association between Vitamin D Status and Mortality among Adults with Diabetic Kidney Disease

Table 2

HR (95% CIs) for all-cause mortality according to serum 25(OH)D concentrations among patients with DKD in NHANES 2001–2014.

Model	Serum 25(OH)D concentrations (nmol/l)				trend	Per one-unit increment in natural log-transformed 25(OH)D
	<25.0	25.0–49.9	50.0–74.9	≥75
Model 1	1.00	0.60 (0.42, 0.86)	0.46 (0.32, 0.67)	0.52 (0.34, 0.78)	0.003	0.82 (0.73, 0.93)
Model 2^†	1.00	0.63 (0.42, 0.95)	0.51 (0.34, 0.78)	0.55 (0.34, 0.88)	0.021	0.85 (0.73, 0.97)
Model 3^‡	1.00	0.45 (0.25, 0.83)	0.37 (0.20, 0.69)	0.33 (0.16, 0.68)	0.010	0.74 (0.59, 0.93)

Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, and race. ^†Model 2: further adjusted (from model 1) for BMI, education levels, and family income-poverty ratio. ^‡Model 3: further adjusted (from model 2) for glucose, glycohemoglobin, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglyceride, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen.