Association between Vitamin D Status and Mortality among Adults with Diabetic Kidney Disease

Table 3

Competing risk of death with or without accident (unintentional injuries) and malignant neoplasm cause according to serum 25(OH)D concentrations among patients with DKD in NHANES 2001–2014.

Model	Serum 25(OH)D concentrations (nmol/l)				trend
	<25.0	25.0–49.9	50.0–74.9	≥75
Model 1	1.0	0.59 (0.40, 0.85)	0.45 (0.31, 0.67)	0.45 (0.31, 0.67)	<0.01
Model 2^†	1.0	0.60 (0.41, 0.87)	0.45 (0.30, 0.67)	0.49 (0.31, 0.76)	<0.01
Model 3^‡	1.0	0.66 (0.45, 0.98)	0.47 (0.31, 0.71)	0.49 (0.31, 0.76)	<0.01

Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, and race. ^†Model 2: further adjusted (from model 1) for BMI, education levels, and family income-poverty ratio. ^‡Model 3: further adjusted (from model 2) for glucose, glycohemoglobin, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglyceride, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen.