Stronger Associations of Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference with Diabetes than Waist-Height Ratio and Triglyceride Glucose Index in the Middle-Aged and Elderly Population: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Table 2
Risk of incident diabetes by baseline BMI, WC, WHtR, and TyG.
No. of cases
No. of person-years
Incidence rate†
HRs (95% CIs)
Model 1‡
Model 2§
Model 3¶
BMI, kg/m2
<18.5
23
3,827
6.01
0.64 (0.42,0.97)
0.68 (0.45,1.03)
0.69 (0.46,1.04)
18.5–23.9
975
103,514
9.42
1.00 (ref)
1.00 (ref)
1.00 (ref)
24–27.9
1,032
74,683
13.82
1.49 (1.37,1.63)
1.43 (1.31,1.56)
1.41 (1.29,1.54)
≥28.0
442
23,746
18.61
2.09 (1.87,2.34)
1.98 (1.77,2.22)
1.92 (1.71,2.16)
trend
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
WC, cm
<77.00
549
58,488
9.39
1.00 (ref)
1.00 (ref)
1.00 (ref)
77.00–81.99
566
51,298
11.03
1.22 (1.09,1.38)
1.20 (1.07,1.35)
1.19 (1.06,1.34)
82.00–88.99
607
50,998
11.90
1.40 (1.25,1.57)
1.35 (1.20,1.52)
1.34 (1.19,1.51)
≥89.00
750
44,986
16.67
2.15 (1.92,2.40)
2.04 (1.82,2.29)
1.99 (1.78,2.23)
trend
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
WC, cm
<85 (women)/90 (men)
1,499
142,907
10.49
1.00 (ref)
1.00 (ref)
1.00 (ref)
≥85 (women)/90 (men)
973
62,863
15.48
1.67 (1.54,1.81)
1.61 (1.48,1.75)
1.57 (1.45,1.71)
WHtR
<0.47
583
57,475
10.14
1.00 (ref)
1.00 (ref)
1.00 (ref)
0.47–0.51
583
53,243
10.95
1.13 (1.01,1.27)
1.11 (0.99,1.24)
1.10 (0.98,1.24)
0.52–0.55
632
49,585
12.75
1.37 (1.23,1.54)
1.34 (1.20,1.50)
1.33 (1.18,1.49)
≥0.56
674
45,467
14.82
1.73 (1.55,1.93)
1.70 (1.52,1.91)
1.65 (1.47,1.86)
trend
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
WHtR
<0.5
871
85,788
10.15
1.00 (ref)
1.00 (ref)
1.00 (ref)
≥0.5
1,601
119,982
13.34
1.45 (1.33,1.57)
1.42 (1.30,1.54)
1.39 (1.28,1.51)
TyG
<8.16
465
49,261
9.44
1.00 (ref)
1.00 (ref)
1.00 (ref)
8.16–8.50
545
51,456
10.59
1.08 (0.95,1.22)
1.09 (0.96,1.23)
1.10 (0.97,1.25)
8.51–8.80
645
54,040
11.94
1.20 (1.06,1.35)
1.21 (1.07,1.36)
1.23 (1.09,1.39)
≥8.81
817
51,013
16.02
1.61 (1.44,1.81)
1.62 (1.44,1.82)
1.66 (1.47,1.87)
trend
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
† Per 1,000 person-years. ‡ Unadjusted. § Adjusted for variables in b as well as age, gender, marital status, smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity. ¶ Adjusted for variables in c as well as RHR, SBP, DBP, and TC levels. SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; RHR: resting heart rate; TC: total cholesterol; BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; WHtR: waist-to-height ratio; TyG: triglyceride glucose index.
