A Metabolism-Based Interpretable Machine Learning Prediction Model for Diabetic Retinopathy Risk: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Figure 4

SHAP summary plot of XGBoost model with LASSO selection features (XGBoost model 2). Each point on the summary plot is a Shapley value for a feature and an instance. The position on the -axis is determined by the feature and on the -axis by the Shapley value. The color represents the value of the feature from low to high. The features are ordered according to their importance. T2D: type 2 diabetes; C18 : 1OH: 3-hydroxy-octadecylcarnitine; C18 : 1: octacarbonylcarnitine; C18 : 2: octadecadienylcarnitine; SHAP: Shapley Additive exPlanation.