Additive Manufacturing: A Novel Method for Developing an Acoustic Panel Made of Natural Fiber-Reinforced Composites with Enhanced Mechanical and Acoustical Properties

Table 12

Natural fibers with various polymer matrices and their resulting enhancement in mechanical properties.

Fibers	Polymer matrix	Enhancement in properties	References
Coir	PLA	The impact strength of the matrix is increased by 28% at 3% fiber content.	[95]
Oil palm	PLA	The impact strength and tensile strength of the matrix are increased by 2% and 5%, respectively, at 30% fiber content.	[96]
Jute	PLA	The tensile strength and stiffness of the matrix are almost doubled at 40% fiber content.	[97]
Flax	PLA	There is an increase in tensile stress of the matrix by 5.6% at 30% fiber weight.	[98]
Hemp	PLA	There is an increase in 21.5% of tensile strength of the matrix at 40% fiber content.	[99]
Ramie	PLA	The 30% fiber content shows increase in mechanical properties than the matrix.	[100]
Kenaf	PLA	There is 85.4% increase in tensile strength of the matrix at 70% fiber weight.	[101]
Sisal	PLA	There is an increase in tensile strength of the composite by 34.7% at 30% short fiber weight than long fiber.	[102]
Banana	PLA	Tensile strength of the composite almost increases by 15.11% than that of matrix at 20% fiber content.	[103]
Abaca	PLA	There is an increase in tensile strength and impact strength by 14.8% and 58.4% at 30% fiber content.	[104]
Pineapple	PLA	Tensile strength of the composite almost doubles at 50% fiber weight than the pure PLA.	[105]
Agave	PLA	At 40% fiber content, impact strength of the composite increases by 71%.	[106]
Cotton	PLA	There is an increase in tensile strength and impact strength of the composite by 26.8% and 24.1%, respectively, at 40% fiber content.	[107]
Loofah	PLA	Tensile strength and impact strength of the composite increases by 16.5% and 19.6%, respectively, at 2% fiber weight.	[108]
Milk weed	PLA	Tensile strength of milkweed/PLA composite was found to be 48.1 MPa at 8% fiber content which is greater than the pure PLA.	[109]
Wood	PLA	Impact and tensile of the composite increases by nearly 7.8% and 0.36% at 20% and 40% wood flour content.	[110]
Rice	PLA	There is an increase in flexural modulus by 15% at 20% rice husk content.	[111]
Wheat	PLA	Tensile modulus of the composite increased at 30% wheat straw content. Maleated PLA was used as a compatibilizer to enhance the tensile and flexural strength.	[112]
Oat	PLA-PP	Improved storage modulus of the composite was recorded at 30% fiber content.	[113]
Rye	PLA	The tensile and impact strength of PLA-rye composite is almost doubled when compared with PP-rye composite.	[114]
Bamboo	PLA	Impact strength of the composite almost doubled when medium bamboo fibers are used at 40% fiber content.	[115]
Corn	PLA	There is an increase in tensile strength of the composite by almost 21.7% at 1% fiber content.	[116]
Sugarcane	PLA	Flexural and elastic modulus of the composite increases by 25.5% and 8.97% at 30% fiber content, respectively.	[117]
Mesta	PLA	There is a satisfied increase in tensile strength of the composite. Flexural strength of the composite was increased by 25% at 50% fiber content.	[118]
Esparto	PLA	Reinforcement at fiber content up to 40% fiber content shows superior mechanical and thermal properties.	[119]
Rape	TPS	Tensile strength of the composite increases by 95% when rapeseed fibers are reinforced.	[120]
Canary	Epoxy	Various adhesives and pretreatment method have been followed. Out of all, canary with epoxy provides better mechanical properties.	[121]
Roselle	RF	Tensile strength and flexural strength of the composite increases by 62% for short fibers at 1 : 1.5 ratio of resin.	[122]
Raphia	Polyester	At 20% fiber loading, microhardness of the composite increases by about 11.67% than the matrix.	[123]
Kapok	Polyester	In case of kapok hybrid composite, impact strength is increased by 65.2% at 50% kapok fabric and 50% glass.	[124]
Barley	PP	At 40% fiber content, barley composite shows improved tensile and impact strength than coconut and wood fiber.	[125]
Maize	PCL	Tensile strength of the composite almost increases by 78% at 66% fiber content.	[126]
Sabai	Sand	At 1% fiber content, sabai fiber composite shows good benefits.	[127]