Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Three Elemental Nanoparticles on the Performance Characteristics of Ethanol-Diesel Emulsion

Table 7

Operating conditions for emulsified fuels preparation.

Stapes	Process	Factors	Composition
1	Sonication	25°C, 40 kHz, 30 min	Tween 80 + span 80
2	Magnetic steering	25°C, 1,500 rpm, 20 min	Diesel + ethanol + emulsifier
3	Magnetic steering	25°C, 1,500 rpm, 10 min	Emulsion + nanoparticle + surfactant
4	Sonication	25°C, 40 kHz, 30 min	Emulsion + nanoparticle + surfactant