On Particle Swarm Optimization for MIMO Channel Estimation

Algorithm 3

Multiobjective PSO algorithm.

Initialize swarm

Locate leader in an external archive

𝑖=1

while 𝑖<𝑖_max or convergence do

 for each particle do

  Select leader from archive

  Update position using (1)/(2),  (4)

  Mutation

  Evaluation using  (15)

  Update pBest

 end  for

 Update leaders in the external archive

 Quality (leaders)

 𝑖++

end  while