A Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Deployment of Sensor Nodes in WSN Network

Table 2

Attack methods for location algorithm without ranging.

Location algorithm	Attack target	Attack method
Centroid; ATIP	Node adjacency	Expand the attack range of neighbor nodes; Wormhole attack expands the range of neighbor nodes through special channels
DV-Hop; Amorphous	Number of hops between nodes	Shorten the propagation path; Expand the range of neighbor nodes