Research Article
Optimal Decision-Making on Hybrid Off-Grid Energy Systems for Rural and Remote Areas Electrification in the Northern Cameroon
Table 3
Optimal sizes of the different systems configurations considered and their economic evaluations.
| | Site | Scenario | PV rated capacity (kW) | Wind rated capacity (kW) | DG rated capacity (kW) | Nominal capacity of batteries (kWh) | Converter rated power (kW) | NPC ($) | COE ($/kWh) |
| | GAROUA | PV/battery | 55.4 | — | — | 442 | 9.5 | 275098 | 0.459 | | PV/wind/battery | 63.4 | 1 | — | 366 | 9.5 | 269191 | 0.449 | | PV/wind/DG | 29.2 | 1 | 8.5 | — | 9.5 | 512906 | 0.855 | | PV/DG | 29.2 | — | 8.5 | — | 9.5 | 509296 | 0.849 | | Wind/DG | 1 | — | 8.5 | — | — | 706953 | 1.180 | | DG | — | — | 8.5 | — | — | 704244 | 1.170 | | DG/battery | — | — | 8.5 | 138 | 9.5 | 603962 | 1.010 | | PV/DG/wind/battery | 41.2 | 1 | 8.5 | 228 | 9.5 | 210567 | 0.392 | | Wind/DG/battery | — | 24 | 8.5 | 131 | 9.5 | 553479 | 0.922 | | PV/DG/battery | 42 | — | 8.5 | 235 | 9.5 | 227016 | 0.378 |
| | MAROUA | PV/battery | 50 | — | — | 401 | 9.5 | 267833 | 0.447 | | PV/wind/battery | 69 | 1 | — | 318 | 9.5 | 281553 | 0.469 | | PV/wind/DG | 20.8 | 14 | 8.5 | — | 9.5 | 502394 | 0.837 | | PV/DG | 27.1 | — | 8.5 | — | 9.5 | 519587 | 0.866 | | Wind/DG | — | 25 | 8.5 | — | 9.5 | 583764 | 0.973 | | DG | — | — | 8.5 | — | — | 704244 | 1.170 | | DG/battery | — | — | 8.5 | 138 | 9.5 | 622514 | 1.040 | | PV/DG/wind/battery | 38.2 | 1 | 8.5 | 228 | 9.5 | 215845 | 0.360 | | Wind/DG/battery | — | 27 | 8.5 | 173 | 9.5 | 435825 | 0.726 | | PV/DG/battery | 38.5 | — | 8.5 | 235 | 9.5 | 215160 | 0.359 |
| | NGAOUNDÉRÉ | PV/battery | 88.2 | — | — | 318 | 9.5 | 314142 | 0.524 | | PV/wind/battery | 87.7 | 1 | — | 318 | 9.5 | 318805 | 0.532 | | PV/wind/DG | 31.2 | 1 | 8.5 | — | 9.5 | 536820 | 0.895 | | PV/DG | 31.3 | — | 8.5 | — | 9.5 | 533079 | 0.888 | | Wind/DG | — | 1 | 8.5 | — | — | 707029 | 1.180 | | DG | — | — | 8.5 | — | — | 704244 | 1.170 | | DG/battery | — | — | 8.5 | 96.7 | 9.5 | 618097 | 1.030 | | PV/DG/wind/battery | 46.5 | 1 | 8.5 | 242 | 9.5 | 241669 | 0.403 | | Wind/DG/battery | — | 19 | 8.5 | 138 | 9.5 | 574704 | 0.958 | | PV/DG/battery | 45.8 | — | 8.5 | 228 | 9.5 | 236590 | 0.394 |
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