Voltage Profile Analysis in Smart Grids Using Online Estimation Algorithm

Table 1

Comparison of voltage profile based on load flow solution and RTU method.

Sections	Backward/forward load flow method [29–31]		RTU method
	Vmax	Vmin	Vmax	Vmin
S − 1	1.0436	1.0422	1.0436	1.0421
S − 2	1.0436	1.0427	1.0436	1.0419
S − 3	1.0436	1.0382	1.0436	1.0402
S − 4	1.0436	1.0396	1.0436	1.0413
S − 5	1.0392	1.0392	1.0392	1.0392
S − 6	1.0390	1.0134	1.0390	1.0189
S − 7	1.0112	1.0016	1.0112	0.9983
S − 8	1.0450	1.0449	1.0450	1.0449
S − 9	1.0502	1.0499	1.0502	1.0501
S − 10	1.0837	1.0502	1.0502	1.0668
S − 11	1.0871	1.0859	1.0871	1.0855
Global values	1.0871	1.0016	1.0871	0.9983