Optimized Model Torque Prediction Control Strategy for BLDCM Torque Error and Speed Error Reduction System

Table 5

Motor performance under optimization of each algorithm.

Solving techniques	Performance indicators
	THD%	Torque ripple	Costs analysis	Power factor
WOA	8.66	18.34	0.952	0.952
DA	7.92	16.56	0.881	0.967
ACO	7.88	18.92	0.898	0.961
IWOA	4.33	6.62	0.627	0.992
GWO	7.26	15.89	0.914	0.975