Detection of Low RCS Unmanned Air Systems Using K-Band Continuous Wave Doppler Radar
Table 2
Feature overview of UAS detection systems in literature.
#
Reference
Radar
Operating frequency
Output power
Detection range
Additional information
1
Harmanny, R., J.J.M. De Wit, and G. Prémel Cabic. 2014. Radar Micro-Doppler Feature Extraction Using the Spectrogram and the Cepstrogram
“A low power CW-radar”
X-band
N/A
N/A (not available)
UASs used in the experimental measurements
2
Harman, S. 2015.A Comparison of Staring Radars with Scanning Radars for UAV Detection: Introducing the AlarmTMStaring Radar
FMCW staring radar
G/C-band (4–6 GHz)
100 W
N/A
AlarmTM staring radar
Harman, S.A., and A.L. Hume. 2015. Applications of Staring Surveillance Radars
800 m (for quadcopter)
3
Harman, S. 2016. Characteristics of the Radar Signature of Multirotor UAVs
FMCW
X-band
N/A
N/A
UAV detecting radar from QinetiQ
4
Drozdowicz, J., M. Wielgo, P. Samczynski, K. Kulpa, J. Krzonkalla, M. Mordzonek, M. Bryl, and Z. Jakielaszek. 2016. 35 GHz FMCW Drone Detection System
FMCW coherent radar
35 GHz
20 mW
30–90 m
UASs used in the experimental measurements
2 W
5
Poitevin, P., M. Pelletier, and P. Lamontagne. 2017. Challenges in Detecting UAS with Radar
Ranger R6SS-U-3D
X-band
85 W
1 km for 0.01 m2 RCS (micro-UAV) 1.8 km for 0.1 m2 RCS (mini-UAV) 5.5 km for 10 m2 RCS (large UAV, vehicle)
The flir ranger R6SS-U-3D radar
6
Shin, D.H., D.H. Jung, D.C. Kim, J.W. Ham, and S.O. Park. 2017. A Distributed FMCW Radar System Based on Fiber-Optic Links for Small Drone Detection
Fiber-optic links based distributed FMCW
K-band
26.5 dBm
500 m
Description of the measurement setup
7
Nakamura, R., and H. Hadama. 2017. Characteristics of Ultra-Wideband Radar Echoes from a Drone
UWB pulsed
24 GHz
Antenna gain 25 dBi
3–7 m
Indoor (laboratory) testing
8
Ochodnický, J., M. Babjak, J. Kurty, and R. Max. 2017. Drone Detection by Ku-Band Battlefield Radar
Short range pulse battlefield radar
Ku-band
250 W
1 to 2 km
UASs used in the experimental measurements
9
Michael, J., Z. Lu, and V.C. Chen. 2017. Experimental Study on Radar Micro-Doppler Signatures of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
CW dual-receiving-channel radar
K-band (24.125 GHz)
16 dBm
N/A
The experimental scenario was static in the sense that the drone was hovering at a very short distance away from the radar. (reported in Rahman, S., and D.A. Robertson 2018)
10
Zhang, W., and G. Li. 2018.Detection of Multiple Micro-Drones via Cadence Velocity Diagram Analysis
Single channel CW radar system
K-band (25 GHz)
N/A
N/A
sUAS considered in the experiments
11
Rahman, S., and D.A. Robertson. 2018. Radar Micro-Doppler Signatures of Drones and Birds at K-Band and W-Band
FMCW radar evaluation board from analog devices
K-band (24 GHz)
+25 dBm 24.5 dBi antenna gain
Measurements obtained at 85 m–700 m (estimated, for a single shot measurement)
The report aimed to study micro-Doppler signatures of birds vs drones
T-220 (coherent FMCW radar)
W-band (94 GHz)
+18 dBm 40.5 dBi antenna gain
Measurements obtained at 85–120 m–380 m (estimated)
