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| Step | Description |
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| Step 1: identify the problem | This entails problem identification and description. Many African governments have enacted plastic bag policies/legislation after observing their detrimental effects in the environment (Jambeck et al., 2018).
This step is vital and forms a foundation for any effective and efficient plastic bag policy |
| Step 2: establish evaluation criteria | Factors such as politically acceptance, public compliance, public awareness, policy enforcement, reduction or consumption of plastic bag, and legality are considered to evaluate how effective is a plastic bag policy [5, 8, 11, 26] |
| Step 3: identify alternative policies | Several policies should be identified and combined to ensure their effectiveness and efficiency. Data collected from different governmental documents and journals showed that governments employ different plastic bag policies with varied results. Case studies from countries such as Rwanda, Zimbabwe, South Africa, and Kenya have helped to establish key factors determining failure or success of plastic bag policies [5, 8, 9, 11] |
| Step 4: evaluate alternative policies | Alternative policies are evaluated based on political acceptance, public compliance, public awareness, policy enforcement, reduction or consumption of plastic bag, and legality to ensure their effectiveness [5, 9] |
| Step 5: indicate the most effective plastic bag policies | After the evaluation of alternatives, findings can be used to determine the most effective policies [5, 6, 8] |
| Step 6: monitoring the implemented policy | Policy analysis continues after policy implementation. After policy implementation, a monitoring system has to be developed to monitor the effectiveness of plastic bag policy. Policy analysis helps establish whether the policy is being correctly implemented and helps determine if there are any modifications necessary to ensure improved compliance [6, 8] |
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