Spatiotemporal Analysis of the Proportion of Unimproved Drinking Water Sources in Rural Ethiopia: Evidence from Ethiopian Socioeconomic Surveys (2011 to 2019)

Figure 7

Hotspot area identification of unimproved drinking water sources in rural Ethiopia, evidenced from ESS conducted in four waves (2011/12, 2013/14, 2015/16, and 2018/19). The most dark red colors show significant clusters (highly vulnerable or hot spot areas) of unimproved water sources at 1% level of significance, the next dark red and bright red colors also show significant clusters of unimproved water source areas at 5% and 10% level of significance, respectively, whereas the most dark blue, the next dark blue, and bright blue colors show significant nonvulnerable (cold spot) areas at 1%, 5%, and 10% level of significances, respectively. (a) Hot spot analysis of ESS-wave 1, (b) hot spot analysis of ESS-wave 2, (c) hot spot analysis of ESS-wave 3, and (d) hot spot analysis of ESS-wave 4.

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