Research Article

Spatiotemporal Analysis of the Proportion of Unimproved Drinking Water Sources in Rural Ethiopia: Evidence from Ethiopian Socioeconomic Surveys (2011 to 2019)

Table 1

The proportions of improved and unimproved drinking water sources in rural Ethiopia using ESS data conducted between 2011/12 and 2018/19.

WaveStatusProportionSd. error95% CI

Wave 1: 2011/12Unimproved0.4970.0110.476–0.518
Improved0.5030.0110.482–0.524

Wave 2: 2013/14Unimproved0.3850.0110.364–0.406
Improved0.6150.0110.594–0.636

Wave 3: 2015/16Unimproved0.2980.0100.278–0.319
Improved0.7020.0100.681–0.722

Wave 4: 2018/19Unimproved0.3630.0120.340–0.388
Improved0.6370.0120.612–0.660