Spatial-Temporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Urban Green Innovation Efficiency in China

Table 1

Input-output indicator system of urban GIE.

Input- output structure	Variable layer	Index layer
Input variable	Capital input	Science and technology and education expenditure (input1)
	Labor input	Science and technology innovation personnel (input2)
	Innovation environment input	Public book collections per 100 people (input3)
Output variable		Number of internet users (input4)
	Technological output	Number of green patents granted (output1)
	Economic output	Per capita GDP (output2)
Undesirable output variable	Environmental pollution	Comprehensive environmental pollution index of industrial waste gas, industrial wastewater, and industrial fixed waste (bad-output)