Influence of Environmental Factors on Injury Severity Using Ordered Logit Regression Model in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Table 5
The generalized ordered logit regression for associations between severity and related environmental factors in Limpopo Province, South Africa.
Variable
Response
Model 1
Model 2
Model 3
Intercept
Intercept
23.9693 (0.3775)
20.6316 (0.5987)
14.4687 (0.0090)
Environmental condition
Animal in roadway
Reference
Deposit on road
0.3857 (0.2536)
0.2575 (0.4639)
0.4376 (0.0514)
Poor or defective road surface
1.6837 (0.6150)
1.7883 (0.0093)
1.5644 (0.8391)
Potholes
0.1393 (0.3409)
0.3673 (0.8122)
0.5617 (0.3823)
Rain
1.0803 (0.8470)
0.7133 (0.0083)
0.8623 (0.8684)
Slippery road
0.5801 (<0.0001)
0.7383 (<0.0001)
0.7683 (0.0012)
Stationary or parked vehicle
0.3121 (0.0012)
0.1161 (0.1957)
0.4131 (<0.0001)
Hour interval
00–05 hours
Reference
06–13 hours
1.5223 (<0.0001)
1.5757 (0.3775)
0.7782 (0.5987)
14–23 hours
2.7720 (0.0090)
2.5924 (0.2536)
1.8745 (0.4639)
Season
Autumn
Reference
Spring
0.6137 (0.0514)
0.6509 (0.0615)
0.5641 (0.0094)
Summer
0.6150 (0.8391)
0.5985 (0.3409)
0.7125 (0.8122)
Winter
0.4669 (0.3823)
0.3731 (0.8470)
0.3706 (0.0083)
Road type
District
Reference
National
0.4982 (0.8684)
0.4421 (<0.0001)
0.6134 (<0.0001)
Others
0.4571 (0.0011)
0.3405 (0.0012)
0.3379 (0.1957)
Provincial
2.9075 (<0.0001)
2.1828 (<0.0001)
0.2473 (0.3775)
Regional
0.8055 (0.5987)
0.6543 (0.0090)
0.8023 (0.2536)
Regional distribution
Capricorn district
Reference
Mopani district
0.3991 (0.4639)
0.6121 (0.0514)
0.6682 (0.0615)
Sekhukhune district
0.0764 (0.0094)
0.1193 (0.8391)
0.1947 (0.3409)
Vhembe district
0.1598 (0.8122)
0.1398 (0.3823)
0.3247 (0.8470)
Waterberg district
0.2542 (0.0083)
0.3471 (0.8684)
0.3981 (<0.0001)
value: significant at 0.05; Model 1: injury severity vs. property damage; Model 2: death and serious injury vs. property damage and minor injury; Model 3: death vs. serious injury, minor injury, and property damage.
