[Retracted] Effects of Psychological Well-Being and Depression on Menopausal Symptoms in Middle-Aged South Korean Women and the Necessity of Exercise

Table 1

Difference in psychological well-being, depression, and menopausal symptoms according to general characteristics (N = 150).

Characteristics	Categories		n (%)	Psychological well-being		Depression		Menopausal symptoms
				M ± SD	T/F(p) Scheffe	M ± SD	T/F(p) Scheffe	M ± SD	T/F(p), Scheffe
Age (year) 48.76 ± 6.18	45∼49	a	85 56.7)	46.96 ± 7.29	0.35 (0.705)	22.63 ± 9.96	1.11 (0.330)	7.63 ± 5.94	3.32 (0.039)b, c > a
	50∼59	b	57 (38)	46.29 ± 6.27		21.98 ± 9.51		10.40 ± 6.74
	≧60	c	8 (5.3)	45.12 ± 7.77		26.15 ± 1.10		9.62 ± 7.52
Marital status	Unmarried	a	18 (12)	42.33 ± 7.03	4.45 (0.002), d, b, c, a > e	26.29 ± 13.75	4.73 (0.001), d, e, a, c > b	10.66 ± 6.95	1.59 (0.178)
	Married	b	119 (79.3)	47.57 ± 6.48		21.36 ± 8.31		8.14 ± 6.30
	Death of a spouse	c	5 (3.3)	47.40 ± 6.34		25.50 ± 12.76		12.00 ± 7.51
	Separation	d	2 (1.3)	48.00 ± 1.41		34.13 ± 10.60		12.00 ± 5.65
	Divorce	e	6 (4.0)	39.16 ± 8.79		28.50 ± 11.67		12.33 ± 5.46
Education	Primary school	a	2 (1.3)	42.00 ± 5.65	1.00 (0.409)	32.63 ± 19.09	2.78 (0.029), a, b, c, d > e	18.50 ± 10.60	1.391 (0.240)
	Middle school	b	3 (2.0)	44.00 ± 4.35		30.50 ± 10.78		11.33 ± 12.34
	High school	c	21 (14)	4.604 ± 7.25		23.71 ± 8.10		9.38 ± 6.79
	University	d	93 (62)	46.29 ± 7.10		22.57 ± 10.21		8.43 ± 6.06
	Graduate school	e	31 (20.7)	48.51 ± 6.26		20.27 ± 8.05		8.61 ± 6.40
	No		59 (39.3)	44.88 ± 7.09		23.68 ± 10.83		9.83 ± 6.29
Occupation	Housewives		19 (12.7)	47.47 ± 6.30	1.35 (0.236)	23.60 ± 8.80	1.09 (0.370)	7.00 ± 7.45	1.08 (0.374)
	Civil servant		36 (24)	46.41 ± 6.76		20.96 ± 7.73		8.22 ± 5.45
	Professional/Management		39 (26)	48.20 ± 6.69		21.26 ± 8.76		9.69 ± 6.79
	Office		25 (16.7)	45.00 ± 6.20		23.25 ± 11.16		9.32 ± 6.91
	Sales service		3 (2)	38.66 ± 10.59		25.50 ± 13.74		6.66 ± 2.51
	Self-employment		3 (2)	44.33 ± 7.96		26.50 ± 19.08		15.66 ± 11.06
	Other		25 (16)	46.60 ± 7.96		24.51 ± 11.81		8.48 ± 5.42
Month income (10,000 won)	≥100	a	2 (1.3)	39.50 ± 2.12	2.09 (0.085)	32.25 ± 14.14	3.22 (0.014) e > d, c, b > a	18.50 ± 9.19	1.87 (0.119)
	100∼200	b	16 (10.7)	46.93 ± 7.44		25.50 ± 10.32		9.18 ± 7.39
	200∼300	c	38 (25.3)	44.36 ± 7.50		24.41 ± 10.74		9.57 ± 6.16
	300∼400	d	37 (24.7)	47.51 ± 6.97		21.41 ± 8.40		7.24 ± 6.57
	400≤	e	57 (38)	47.68 ± 6.09		20.88 ± 9.15		8.82 ± 5.98
Living status	Alone	a	17 (11.3)	44.52 ± 8.89	1.33 (0.266)	26.60 ± 2.81	3.71 (0.027) a > b > c	10.35 ± 7.21	1.41 (0.250)
	Family	b	130 (86.7)	46.97 ± 6.66		22.15 ± 9.28		8.48 ± 6.35
	Friends or colleagues	c	3 (2)	50.66 ± 2.88		17.00 ± 4.61		13.33 ± 3.21
Economic state	Abundance	a	8 (5.3)	51.62 ± 10.64	3.97 (0.021) a > b > c	23.90 ± 3.56	1.51 (0.223)	7.37 ± 5.90	2.22 (0.112)
	No difficulty	b	117 (78)	46.81 ± 6.19		22.00 ± 9.66		8.37 ± 6.23
	Difficulty	c	25 (16.7)	44.08 ± 7.98		24.69 ± 9.31		11.20 ± 7.21
Regular exercise	Yes		52 (34.7)	48.32 ± 6.47	5.01 (0.027)	20.71 ± 8.72	5.04 (0.026)	7.17 ± 5.92	5.18 (0.024)
	No		98 (65.3)	45.70 ± 7.00		23.52 ± 10.22		9.65 ± 6.56
Hobby	Yes		46 (30.7)	49.97 ± 6.16	17.40 (0.000)	20.07 ± 7.92	7.79 (0.006)	6.76 ± 5.45	6.87 (0.010)
	No		104 (69.3)	45.12 ± 6.73		23.64 ± 10.30		9.69 ± 6.65
Stress situation (in the past year)	Yes		38 (25.3)	47.23 ± 6.98	0.41 (0.522)	26.33 ± 9.42	14.48 (0.000)	10.39 ± 7.46	3.19 (0.076)
	No		112 (74.7)	46.40 ± 6.91		21.26 ± 9.45		8.25 ± 5.99
Personality	Positive		128 (85.3)	47.57 ± 6.74	18.66 (0.000)	21.61 ± 8.88	15.48 (0.000)	8.48 ± 6.03	2.02 (0.157)
	Negative		22 (14.7)	41.04 ± 5.13		28.02 ± 12.14		10.59 ± 8.38
Subjective health state	Very healthy	a	3 (2)	55.33 ± 5.13	6.17 (0.000) a > b, c, e > d	18.25 ± 3.21	5.46 (0.000) e > d > c, b, a	5.33 ± 5.77	7.35 (0.000) e > d, c > b, a
	General health	b	67 (44.7)	48.82 ± 6.48		20.62 ± 7.65		6.32 ± 4.76
	Usually	c	62 (41.3)	45.04 ± 6.59		23.36 ± 10.86		10.43 ± 6.74
	Slight disease	d	16 (10.7)	42.18 ± 5.79		26.34 ± 10.03		11.93 ± 6.89
	Serious disease	e	2 (1.3)	43.50 ± 10.60		38.25 ± 1.41		20.50 ± 9.19