Creating Sustainable Cultural Industries: The Perspective of Artificial Intelligence and Global Value Chain

Table 3

Endogeneity and robustness tests.

Variables	GVCPs
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
L. AI	0.0056 (2.4843)	0.0040 (1.9175)	0.0054 (2.4337)
AI_C				0.0038 (3.0002)	0.0035 (2.7348)	0.0036 (2.7839)
HC		0.0476 (3.3213)	0.0515 (3.3483)		0.0409 (3.3193)	0.0413 (3.0634)
IPP		0.0370 (2.3013)	0.0366 (1.6759)		0.0254 (1.5833)	0.0136 (0.6339)
Infra		−0.0222 (−1.0783)	0.0141 (0.4773)		−0.0185 (−0.8764)	0.0045 (0.1515)
GDPP		0.0127 (1.1036)	0.0172 (1.3639)		0.0059 (0.5418)	0.0159 (1.3031)
FDI		0.0002 (1.0684)	0.0001 (0.6267)		−0.0001 (−0.0645)	−0.0001 (−0.3152)
Constants	1.0006 (320.6268)	0.6616 (5.6632)	0.5425 (4.1987)	0.9761 (92.5578)	0.7453 (7.2430)	0.6263 (5.1775)
Individual fixed effect	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Time fixed effect	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
R-squared	0.9610	0.9624	0.9630	0.9547	0.9556	0.9562
N	448	448	448	504	504	504

Robust t-statistics in parentheses, , , .