Multiple Statistical Model Ensemble Predictions of Residual Chlorine in Drinking Water: Applications of Various Deep Learning and Machine Learning Algorithms

Table 1

Performance of the model ensembles.

Metric	Ens1	Ens2	Ens3
R^2	0.507	0.736	0.731
Rr	0.170	0.360	0.356
E	0.081	0.223	0.218
RMSE	0.073	0.054	0.055
PBIAS	13.237	10.280	10.416
NSE	0.443	0.691	0.685
SMAPE	20.834	16.286	16.402
TSS1	0.658	0.844	0.841
IOA1	0.763	0.893	0.891
rd	0.509	0.708	0.703