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| Technical method | A brief introduction to the principles of different monitoring methods | Advantage | Disadvantage |
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| “3S” technology | Measuring robot | The measuring robot combines laser technology, communication technology and CCD technology to form a measuring platform integrating target recognition, tracking, automatic sighting, angle measurement, ranging, recording and other technologies, which can accurately obtain unstable targets of slope geology data; the continuous and repeated monitoring of extremely many targets is completed in a short time, and the fully automated geological data measurement is realized | Automation, informatization, strong continuity, and strong data reliability | Higher investment and maintenance costs |
| Remote Sensing Technology (RS) | Receive electromagnetic wave information from various geographies on the Earth’s surface by satellites, drones, etc. from high altitude or outer space, and scan, photograph, transmit, and process this information, so as to conduct long-distance research on various ground objects and phenomena on the Earth’s surface; modern comprehensive technology for control, measurement, and identification | Wide monitoring range, quick access to information, small geomorphological restrictions, strong periodicity, and low investment | Affected by bad weather (heavy rain, strong wind, ice and snow, etc.); the accuracy needs to be improved |
| Geographic Information Systems Technology (GIS) | The technology of collecting, storing, managing, processing, analyzing, displaying, and describing the relevant geographical distribution data in the whole or part of the Earth’s surface (including the atmosphere) space with computer hardware and software systems | Strong acquisition, analysis, and calculation capabilities | Insufficient models and data structures restrict development |
| Satellite Navigation System Technology (GPS) | CORS technology
GNSS technology | Use the navigation and positioning signals sent by GPS satellites to carry out spatial resection measurement, determine the three-dimensional coordinates of the ground to be measured, and obtain absolute displacement data and its changes according to the changes of coordinate values in different time periods | Strong continuity, high real-time, three-dimensional, high-precision, automation, informatization | Affected by the environment, which affects the signal strength |
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| 3D Laser Scanning Technology | Active laser scanning technology is used to detect the monitoring target in all directions, so as to obtain accurate positioning | Wide range, high precision, and high efficiency | Higher cost, affected by bad weather |
| Interferometric Radar Technology (InSAR) | DInSAR technology
MT InSAR technology | The radar is used to transmit microwaves to the target area and then receive the echoes reflected by the target to obtain the SAR complex image pair imaged in the same target area; if there is a coherence condition between the complex image pairs, the SAR complex image pair can be conjugated to obtain the interferogram by multiplying it; according to the phase value of the interferogram, the path difference of the microwaves in the two imaging is obtained, so as to calculate the topography and small changes of the surface of the target area | Wide range, high continuity, low data volume, low cost | Affected by bad weather, Affected by DEM |
| Close-up photogrammetry | A measurement technology that uses noncontact data acquisition by processing images such as measurement and interpretation | Low cost, high flexibility, and strong applicability | Photo interpretation accuracy is slightly poor |
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