Characteristics and Determinants of the Presence of Respiratory Symptoms among Sewage Workers in Malaysia

Table 3

Multivariate analyses of the presence of respiratory symptoms among sewage workers (N = 191).

Variables	Adjusted OR (95% CI)^b	value
Duration of working (years)	1.21 (1.01–1.44)	0.037
Working site
Office	—
Non-STF	2.95 (0.05–167.99)	0.600
STF	25.46 (2.06–314.29)	0.012
Type of job shift
Nonshift	—
Shift	23.50 (1.90–616.52)	<0.001
Cumulative H2S exposure	1.04 (1.01–1.07)	0.035
Cumulative PM 2.5 exposure	9.01 (1.98–83.33)	0.004

Note: ^b based on multivariable logistic regression: forward LR method; and significant determinants in multivariable logistic regression with a value of ≤0.05. The model fits reasonably well, model assumption is met, and there are no interaction between independent variables and no multicollinearity. Model of the presence of respiratory symptoms among sewage workers: presence of respiratory symptoms = −4.625 + 1.349 (cumulative PM 2.5 exposure) + 2.513 (shift type of job) + 0.025 (cumulative H₂S exposure) + 0.187 (duration of working (in years)) + 3.147 (working at the STF site) − 1.085 (working at the non-STF site).