Research Article
[Retracted] An Empirical Study on the Relationship between New Energy Vehicle’ Export Sophistication and Industrial Structure Upgrading in China
| | Variables | Deterministic | Level | First difference | | ADF-Fisher | ADF-Fisher |
| | UP | Intercept | 100.7964(0.0013) | 85.7072(0.0248) | | Intercept and trend | 108.1052(0.0003) | 81.5745(0.00485) |
| | EXPY | Intercept | 147.3221(0.0000) | 135.8967(0.0000) | | Intercept and trend | 133.3021(0.0000) | 136.2904(0.0000) |
| | R&D | Intercept | 71.3696(0.1495) | 80.8713(0.0375) | | Intercept and trend | 85.4031(0.0173) | 112.4023(0.0000) |
| | Market | Intercept | 53.6984(0.7038) | 86.6596(0.0140) | | Intercept and trend | 40.6731(0.9736) | 182.3295(0.0000) |
| | FDI | Intercept | 124.5645(0.0000) | 208.9380(0.0000) | | Intercept and trend | 135.6121(0.0000) | 125.7779(0.0000) |
| | R&D hr | Intercept | 103.9746(0.007) | 161.6015(0.0000) | | Intercept and trend | 92.8166(0.0068) | 123.2135(0.0000) |
| | GDP growth | Intercept | 45.2668(0.9455) | 405.8836(0.0000) | | Intercept and trend | 40.0646(0.9863) | 154.4162(0.0000) |
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