[Retracted] An Empirical Study on the Relationship between New Energy Vehicle’ Export Sophistication and Industrial Structure Upgrading in China

Table 4

Fixed effect analysis.

VAR	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5	Model 6
	UP	UP	UP	UP	UP	UP
EXPY	0.0111	0.0069	0.0061	0.0057	0.0058	0.0057
	(3.9327)	(2.4448)	(2.3552)	(2.1431)	(2.1563)	(2.1293)
R&D		0.0177	0.0152	0.0141	0.0156	0.0157
		(3.8580)	(2.8970)	(2.8141)	(2.7021)	(2.7368)
Market			0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000
			(1.1361)	(1.0918)	(0.9965)	(0.9807)
FDI				0.0004	0.0004	0.0004
			(1.0263)	(1.0277)	(1.0818)
R&Dhr					−0.0001	−0.0001
					(−0.8385)	(−0.8361)
GDP growth						0.0049
						(0.8458)
Constant	0.8236	0.8245	0.8314	0.8333	0.8323	0.8319
	(41.2261)	(43.3409)	(47.4539)	(47.9682)	(47.5014)	(46.7948)
Year FE	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
Province FE	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
Observations	316	316	316	316	316	316
R-squared	0.0931	0.2009	0.2107	0.2212	0.2239	0.2256
Number of id	31	31	31	31	31	31

Robust t-statistics in parentheses: , , and .