HPV Vaccination Prevalence among Lebanese Female University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 3

Responses to questions about HPV knowledge by the study participants.

Variable		n (%)	Mean ± SD	Min	Max
HPV transmission (multiple responses accepted)	Sexual intercourse	409 (45.3)
	Skin-to-skin contact	116 (12.8)
	Nonpenetrative sex	168 (18.6)
	During birth	176 (19.5)
	None of the above	34 (3.8)
Can you transmit HPV if you are asymptomatic?	Yes	265 (58.4)
	No	13 (2.9)
	Do not know	176 (38.8)
Can smoking increase the risk of HPV?	Yes	134 (29.5)
	No	33 (7.3)
	Do not know	287 (63.2)
HPV can cause (multiple responses accepted)	Anal cancer	136 (12.6)
	Genital warts	174 (16.1)
	Cervical cancer	286 (26.4)
	Oropharyngeal cancer	125 (11.5)
	Penile cancer	136 (12.6)
	Prostate cancer	70 (6.5)
	Do not know	156 (14.4)
	None of the above	0 (0)
Can HPV lead to infertility?	Yes	161 (35.5)
	No	37 (8.1)
	Do not know	256 (56.4)
Condom use will reduce the possibility of HPV infection	Yes	363 (78.9)
	No	90 (19.8)
	Do not know	1 (0.2)
Condom use will completely prevent HPV infection	Yes	50 (11.0)
	No	403 (88.8)
	Do not know	1 (0.2)
Can circumcision prevent HPV infection and transmission?	Yes	53 (11.7)
	No	156 (34.4)
	Do not know	245 (54.0)
Multiple sex partners will increase the risk of infection?	Yes	366 (80.6)
	No	2 (0.4)
	Do not know	86 (18.9)
Will sexual intercourse at an early age increase the likelihood of HPV?	Yes	162 (35.7)
	No	81 (17.8)
	Do not know	211 (46.5)
Will washing intimal area reduce the risk of HPV?	Yes	118 (26)
	No	147 (32.4)
	Do not know	189 (41.6)
Is it possible to have asymptomatic HPV infection for many years?	Yes	266 (58.6)
	No	9 (2)
	Do not know	179 (39.4)
Is there any cure for HPV infection?	Yes	111 (24.4)
	No	102 (22.5)
	Do not know	241 (53.1)
Can HPV be tested in men?	Yes	232 (51.1)
	No	27 (5.9)
	Do not know	195 (43.0)
What are the possible screening tests?	PAP smear and HPV testing	296 (65.2)
	PAP smear alone	111 (24.4)
	HPV testing alone	47 (10.4)
When should HPV screening begin?	Between 21 and 29	257 (56.6)
	Younger than 21	81 (17.8)
	Older than 29	116 (25.6)

SD: standard deviation. The correct answers are in bold.