Optimization of Liner Operations and Fuel Selection considering Emission Control Areas

Table 3

Emission factors for different fuels.

	HFO	MGO	VLSFO	LNG	Methanol
CO2	77	75	74	54	69
CH4	0.0015	0.00142	0.00143	0.562	N/A
N2O	0.004	0.003738	0.00357	0.00463	N/A
SOx	1.277	0.0467	0.2347	0.00056	N/A
NOx	1.532	0.483	0.483	0.1611	0.28
PM	0.1811	0.0227	0.1014	0.0037	0.0043

Data source: summarized from the recent literature [10, 28, 40–44]. N/A means data for that indicator are not available.