Assessment of Bacteriological Quality and Physiochemical Parameters of Domestic Water Sources in Jenin Governorate: A Case Study

Table 6

Concentrations of ions in drinking water in Jenin Governorate of the West Bank compared to allowable limits of the PSI standards and the WHO guidelines.

Physiochemical parameter	Range of measured values	Average ± standard deviation	PSI [73] standard limit	WHO [58] limit	Percentage of samples over MCL^a of PSI (%)
Nitrate (ppm)	0–48	14.52 ± 11.54	70	50	0%
Nitrite (ppm)	0–0.86	0.05 ± 0.03	NA	3	N.A
Ammonia (ppm)	0–2.63	0.17 ± 0.5	NA	1.5	N.A
Sulfate (SO4) (ppm)	1.30–52.94	22.67 ± 12	200	250	0%
Fluoride (F) (ppm)	0.03–3.00	0.32 ± 0.05	1.5	1.5	0%
Chloride (Cl) (ppm)	13.73–380.05	96.36 ± 97	250	250	0%
Sodium (Na) (ppm)	9.551–108	43.42 ± 24.45	200	NA	0%
Potassium (K) (ppm)	0.384–7.481	3.00 ± 1.77	10	NA	0%
Calcium (Ca) (ppm)	1.42–152.90	78.75 ± 40.20	100	NA	34.61%
Magnesium (Mg) (ppb)	0.30–58.33	22.50 ± 15.84	100	NA	0%
Total hardness (ppm)	105.6–549.84	329.42 ± 109.64	500	500	3.7%

MCL^a: maximum concentration limit according to PSI [73]; NA: not available.