Green Coffee Bean Extract Potentially Ameliorates Liver Injury due to HFD/STZ-Induced Diabetes in Rats

Table 4

The effect of green coffee bean water extract on biochemical parameters.

Experimental groups	CNTR	HFD/STZ	HFD/STZ + Met (200 mg kg^−1)	HFD/STZ + GCBE (50 mg kg^−1)	HFD/STZ + GCBE (100 mg kg^−1)	GCBE (100 mg kg^−1)
Glucose level (mg/dL)	106.2 ± 3	313.7 ± 3^a	172.8 ± 12^ab	219.8 ± 8^abc	129.8 ± 4.3^bcd	98.8 ± 3.7
Insulin level (ng/ml)	0.6 ± 0.03	0.25 ± 0.02^a	0.29 ± 0.01^a	0.39 ± 0.02^ab	0.5 ± 0.02^bcd	0.6 ± 0.03
HOMA-IR	17.05 ± 0.6	52.57 ± 0.6^a	18.52 ± 1.6^b	27.62 ± 1.2^abc	16.74 ± 0.6^bd	14.6 ± 0.7
Cholesterol conc. (mg/dL)	66 ± 2.4	131 ± 2.7^a	84 ± 2^ab	115.0 ± 3.7^abc	92.9 ± 3^abd	55.8 ± 0.6
Triglycerides conc. (mg/dL)	39.7 ± 2.6	162.1 ± 6.2^a	70.50 ± 2.6^ab	115.5 ± 0.9^abc	79 ± 1.7^abd	37.4 ± 2.4
LDL conc. (mg/dL)	4.0 ± 0.1	14.49 ± 0.2^a	4.503 ± 0.4^b	8.802 ± 0.3^abc	5.223 ± 0.3^bd	3.2 ± 0.4
HDL conc. (mg/dL)	29.55 ± 0.9	13.06 ± 0.4^a	28.47 ± 0.9^b	17.91 ± 0.6^abc	28.28 ± 1.3^bd	31.4 ± 0.5
ALT activity (U/L)	32.5 ± 3.5	53.80±4^a	33.05 ± 1.7^b	39.53 ± 1.5^b	32.75 ± 1.5^b	33 ± 2.7
AST activity (U/L)	34.96 ± 0.9	69.77 ± 1^a	40.71 ± 3^b	59.14 ± 1.5^abc	40.89 ± 1.9^bd	34.5 ± 1.2
TNF-α (pg/mg protein)	0.26 ± 0.01	0.64 ± 0.02^a	0.45 ± 0.01^ab	0.52 ± 0.01^ab	0.28 ± 0.02^bcd	0.24 ± 0.02
IL-1β (pg/mg protein)	0.27 ± 0.01	0.58 ± 0.02^a	0.51 ± 0.01^a	0.43 ± 0.02^abc	0.33 ± 0.03^bcd	0.25 ± 0.02
Leptin level (ng/ml)	852.5 ± 8.7	1808 ± 20.6^a	1628 ± 19.34^ab	1538 ± 13.5^abc	1107 ± 8.6^abcd	808.3 ± 14.6

FPG: fasting plasma glucose, FPI: fasting plasma insulin, HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance TC: total cholesterol, LDL: low-density lipoprotein, TG: triglyceride, HDL: high-density lipoprotein, ALT: alanine transaminase, and AST: aspartate transaminase. Data are represented as the mean ± SE (n = 7). ^aRepresents the statistical significance relative to that of the CNTR group at  < 0.05. ^bRepresents the statistical significance relative to that of the HDF/STZ group at  < 0.05. ^cRepresents the statistical significance relative to that of the HDF/STZ-Met group at  < 0.05. ^dRepresents the statistical significance relative to that of the HDF/STZ-GCBE (50 mg kg⁻¹) group. ^eRepresents the statistical significance relative to that of a group HDF/STZ-GCBE (100 mg kg⁻¹) group.