Hesperidin Induced HePG-2 Cell Apoptosis through ROS-Mediated p53/Bcl-2/Bax and p-mTOR Signaling Pathways

Figure 2

Depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential induced by different concentrations of hesperidin. (a) The percentage of mitochondrial membrane potential, which was measured at 485 nm and 530 nm using the microplate spectrophotometer (VersaMax). The red bar represents JC-1 aggregates, and the green bar represents JC-1 monomers. (b) JC-1 aggregates and monomers of HepG-2 were exposed to different concentrations of hesperidin under the fluorescence microscope. It was observed that with the increase of hesperidin concentration, JC-1 aggregates (red fluorescence) decreased, while JC-1 monomers (green fluorescence) increased, indicating that mitochondrial permeability increased and mitochondrial membrane potential decreased gradually. The length of the scale plate in the footnote is 75 μm. Different concentration gradients of hesperidin include 40 μM, 80 μM, 160 μM, 320 μM, and 640 μM. Bars with different characters are statistically different at and .

(a)

(b)