Antiobesity Effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Fermented Barley Extracts via the Interactions with Gut Microbiota of the Obese Adult Humans

Table 1

Changes and rate of biochemical and anthropometric indexes of three groups after intervention.

Parameters	Control group	LFBE group	BGL group
Weight (kg)	74.85 ± 7.35	73.59 ± 8.29	72.40 ± 6.63^&
	(0.91%)	(−1.06%)	(−2.70%)
BMI (kg/m^2)	28.23 ± 1.69	27.41 ± 1.32	26.59 ± 1.22^&
	(0.91%)	(−1.06%)	(−1.28%)
WC (cm)	98.99 ± 9.78	95.30 ± 4.67	95.05 ± 8.16^&
	(−0.70%)	(0.18%)	(−3.47%)
HIP (cm)	102.35 ± 6.11	101.40 ± 2.37^#	97.65 ± 2.78
	(−1.93%)	(−0.54%)	(−1.43%)
SBP (mmHg)	123.50 ± 10.90	122.60 ± 8.03	126.20 ± 8.83
	(0.22%)	(0.48%)	(−1.50%)
DBP (mmHg)	79.80 ± 8.59	75.90 ± 8.25	79.10 ± 8.18
	(0.23%)	(2.87%)	(2.65%)
FSG (mmol/L)	6.65 ± 0.61	6.34 ± 0.59^#	6.28 ± 0.75
	(2.64%)	(−1.9%)	(1.94%)
FINS (μIU/mL)	6.31 ± 3.11	6.33 ± 3.11	6.65 ± 3.06
	(28.25%)	(6.85%)	(4.86%)
HOMA-IR	1.91 ± 1.03	1.80 ± 0.94	1.82 ± 0.73
	(35.38%)	(2.31%)	(12.46%)
HOMA-β	39.26 ± 17.68	44.95 ± 20.55	53.90 ± 36.13
	(15.40%)	(23.49%)	(−7.58%)
TG (mmol/L)	2.99 ± 0.69	1.99 ± 0.83^##	1.87 ± 0.80^&
	(9.00%)	(−21.69%)	(−21.48%)
TC (mmol/L)	5.22 ± 0.44	5.03 ± 0.73^##	4.48 ± 0.56^&&
	(−4.81%)	(−18.33%)	(−20.34%)
HDL-C (mmol/L)	0.98 ± 0.31	1.09 ± 0.35	1.14 ± 0.35^&&
	(8.00%)	(9.00%)	(14.00%)
LDL-C (mmol/L)	3.83 ± 0.50	3.59 ± 0.96^##	2.76 ± 0.54^&&
	(−4.12%)	(−24.30%)	(−13.88%)
BF (%)	30.80 ± 4.35	27.58 ± 2.98^#	27.04 ± 3.47^&
	(−0.26%)	(−4.74%)	(−5.41%)
BMR	1342.6 ± 116.3	1345.0 ± 129.7	1420.4 ± 126.2
	(−0.95%)	(4.78%)	(1.25%)
VFA (cm^2)	124.02 ± 26.83	114.02 ± 18.78^#	112.09 ± 19.44^&
	(1.85%)	(−7.49%)	(−11.11%)

BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumferences, HIP: hip circumference, SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, FSG: fasting serum glucose, FINS: fasting serum insulin, HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, HOMA-β: homeostasis model assessment of insulin secretion, TG: triglycerides, TC: total cholesterol, LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, BF%: body fat percentage, VFA: visceral fat area, and BMR: basal metabolic rate. Data in the bracket meant the change rate = (postintervention-preintervention)/100%. Control group before vs. after intervention: and ; ^#LFBE group before vs. after intervention: # and ^##; ^&β-glucan group before vs. after intervention: ^& and ^&&.