Prediction and Evaluation of Bioactive Properties of Cowpea Protein Hydrolysates

Table 2

Bioactive peptides (ACE inhibitory and antioxidant) produced during in silico hydrolysis of cowpea protein isolate major proteins (8SG, 7SG2, and VIC).

Enzyme	Protein	Sequence	Location	Activity	DHt (%)	AE	BE
Thermolysin	7SG3	LPHH	[74–77]	Antioxidant	34.2593	0.0046	0
		LHR	[44–46]
		FP	[385-386]	ACE inhibitor		0.030	9.579 × 10^−5
		YP	[338-339]	ACE inhibitor
		IP	[114-115]; [138-139]; [334-335]	ACE inhibitor
		VG	[302-303]	ACE inhibitor
		FG	[353-354]	ACE inhibitor
		IE	[299-300]	ACE inhibitor
		VE	[63-64]; [204-205]	ACE inhibitor
		LN	[348-349]	ACE inhibitor
		LR	[41-42]; [131-132]	ACE inhibitor
Thermolysin	8SG	LPHH	[97–100]	Antioxidant	36.2832	0.0022	0
		FP	[405-406]	ACE inhibitor		0.0375	0.00016
		YP	[358-359]	ACE inhibitor
		IP	[137-138]; [161-162]; [354-355]	ACE inhibitor
		FG	[373-374]; [22-23]	ACE inhibitor
		LG	[10-11]	ACE inhibitor
		VR	[2-3]	ACE inhibitor
		AR	[86-87]	ACE inhibitor
		VE	[86-87]; [227-228]	ACE inhibitor
		LN	[368-369]	ACE inhibitor
		YE	[273-274]	ACE inhibitor
		LR	[64-65]; [154-155]	ACE inhibitor
Thermolysin	VIC	LPHH	[93–96]	Antioxidant	35.1852	0.0046	0
		LHE	[268–270]	Antioxidant
		FP	[403-404]	ACE inhibitor		0.0323	0.00025
		YP	[356-357]	ACE inhibitor
		VK	[153-154]	ACE inhibitor
		IP	[352-353]	ACE inhibitor
		VP	[1-2]; [157-158]	ACE inhibitor
		FG	[18-19]; [371-372]	ACE inhibitor
		LG	[6-7]	ACE inhibitor
		IE	[318-319]
		VE	[82-83]	ACE inhibitor
		LN	[366-367]	ACE inhibitor
		LR	[60-61]; [150-151]	ACE inhibitor
Alcalase	VIC	VKL	[153–155]	Antioxidant	32.1759	0.0046	0
		KAI	[304–306]	Antioxidant
		VF	[284-285]; [349-350]	ACE inhibitor		0.0162	0.0006
		VP	[157-158]	ACE inhibitor
		GI	[19-20]	ACE inhibitor
		NF	[367-368]	ACE inhibitor
		DF	[195-196]	ACE inhibitor
		IL	[124–126]	ACE inhibitor
Alcalase	7SG3	VF	[265-266]; [331-332]	ACE inhibitor	31.0185	0.0208	0.00066
		AIP	[137–139]
		AF	[352-353]
		GS	[430-431]
		NF	[349-350]
		DF	[176-177]
		IL	[105-106]; [428-429]
		PHY	[280–282]	Antioxidant		0.0046	0
		KAI	[285–287]
Alcalase	8SG	PHY	[303–305]	Antioxidant	31.8584	0.0044	0
		KAI	[308–310]	Antioxidant
		VF	[288-289]; [351-352]	ACE inhibitor		0.0221	0.00063
		AIP	[160–162]	ACE inhibitor
		AF	[372-373]	ACE inhibitor
		GI	[23-24]	ACE inhibitor
		GS	[450-451]	ACE inhibitor
		DF	[199-200]	ACE inhibitor
		IL	[128-129]; [448-449]	ACE inhibitor
Trypsin	8SG	GR	[440-441]	ACE inhibitor	11.5044	0.0044	2.38 × 10^−5
		AR	[4-5]
Trypsin	VIC		—	—	10.6481	—	—
Trypsin	7SG3	GR	[420-421]	ACE inhibitor	12.0370	0.0023	7.217 × 10^−7

AE is the occurrence frequency of fragments with a given activity in polypeptide chain, A = a/N, where a is the number of fragments with a given activity and N is the number of amino acid residues. BE is the potential biological activity of the protein chain, mM⁻¹, BE = ()/N, where, ai is the number of repetitions of ith bioactive fragment; EC50i is the concentration of half-maximum activity of ith protein fragment, mM; and k is the number of different fragments with a given activity. DHt is the theoretical degree of hydrolysis, DHt = (d/D) × 100, where d is the number of hydrolyzed peptide bonds and D-total number of peptide bonds in a protein chain.