Low-Molecular-Weight Hydrolysate from Black Goat Extract Had Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Macrophage Cells via Inhibition of MAPKs and NF-κB Pathways

Figure 2

Effects of APT6 < 3 kDa on mRNA and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Cells were treated with APT6 < 3 kDa for 1 h and incubated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 6 h. mRNA levels of iNOS (a), COX-2 (b) were determined by RT-qPCR. To quantify the protein expression of iNOS and COX-2 (c–e), cells were treated with APT6 < 3 kDa for 1 h and incubated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 24 h. APT6 < 3 kDa is the low-molecular-weight fraction (<3 kDa) of BGE hydrolysate prepared by treatment with Alcalase, ProteAX, and trypsin for 2 h each. ^A–EDifferent superscript letters above bars indicate a significant difference at .

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