Low-Molecular-Weight Hydrolysate from Black Goat Extract Had Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Macrophage Cells via Inhibition of MAPKs and NF-κB Pathways

Figure 4

Effect of APT6 < 3 kDa on the activation of MAPKs and NF-κB in RAW 264.7 cells after stimulation with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 1 h. MAPK protein levels were measured by western blotting (a). Relative levels of MAPKs were determined by densitometry (b–d). IκB and NF-κB protein levels were measured by western blotting (e). Relative amounts of IκB and NF-κB were determined by densitometry (f–g). APT6 < 3 kDa is the low-molecular-weight fraction (<3 kDa) of BGE hydrolysate prepared by treatment with Alcalase, ProteAX, and trypsin for 2 h each. ^A–FDifferent superscript letters above bars indicate a significant difference at .

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