Comparative Study on Aroma Volatiles, Organic Acids, and Sugars of Ambul Banana (Musa acuminata, AAB) Treated with Induced Ripening Agents

Table 2

Volatile compounds detected by SPME at fully yellow stage of banana.

Volatile compound	Natural ripening			Ethephon			Acetylene
		Relative abundance (%)	Peak area (×10^6)		Relative abundance (%)	Peak area (×10^6)		Relative abundance (%)	Peak area (×10^6)
Esters
Ethyl acetate	D	1.1	52.98	ND	—	—	ND	—	—
Ethyl butanoate	D	1.6^a	78.03	D	1.9^a	52.59	D	1.4^a	47.31
Butyl acetate	D	0.7^b	36.67	D	3.5^a	93.50	D	2.5^a	82.06
3-Methylbutyl acetate	D	8.0^a	401.43	D	11.9^b	321.53	D	10.6^c	352.10
Propyl butanoate	D	0.2	9.16	ND	—	—	ND	—	—
2-Methylpropyl butanoate	D	9.7^a	484.15	D	2.2^b	60.28	D	3.6^b	121.55
2-Methylpropyl 3-methylbutanoate	D	2.0	98.06	ND	—	—	ND	—	—
Pentan-2-yl butanoate	D	1.1	56.18	ND	—	—	ND	—	—
Butyl butanoate	D	2.0^b	100.23	D	2.4^b	64.97	D	3.5^a	117.01
Butyl pentanoate	D	0.9^a	46.00	D	0.2^a	5.81	ND	—	—
3-Methylbutyl 2-methylbutanoate	D	0.3	16.25	ND	—	—	ND	—	—
3-Methylbutyl 3-methylbutanoate	D	12.2^a	611.69	D	0.8^b	20.97	D	0.8^b	25.21
2-Methylpropyl hexanoate	D	<0.0	2.02	ND	—	—	ND	—	—
[(E)-hex-4-enyl] butanoate	D	0.2^a	10.98	ND	—	—	D	0.2^a	7.15
3-Methylbutyl hexanoate	D	0.2	8.59	ND	—	—	ND	—	—
2-Methylpropyl acetate	ND	—	—	D	2.6^a	70.57	D	2.2^a	73.18
Hexyl acetate	ND	—	—	D	0.3^a	8.10	D	0.2^a	6.78
3-Methylbutyl butanoate	D	24.5^a	1226.02	D	9.0^b	243.30	D	0.2^c	6.56
Hexyl butanoate	ND	—		D	0.1^a	3.47	D	0.2^a	5.19
[(E)-Hex-4-enyl] pentanoate	D	0.3	13.92	ND	—	—	ND	—	—
Propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-methyl-1,3-propanediyl ester	ND	—	—	D	0.1	2.08	ND	—	—
Total esters (RA%)		65.0%			35.0%			25.4%
Aldehydes
Hexanal	D	0.8^a	39.96	ND	—	—	D	5.3^b	177.85
(E)-2-hexenal	D	1.3^b	64.51	D	7.8^a	209.85	D	8.9^a	297.55
Decanal	D	<0.0	2.12	ND	—	—	ND	—	—
(E)-3-hexenal	ND	—	—	D	0.3	8.35	ND	—	—
Total aldehydes (RA%)		2.1%			8.1%			14.2%
Alcohols
2-Methyl-1-propanol	D	0.1	5.93	ND	—	—	ND	—	—
Z-4-Dodecenol	D	<0.0	1.65	ND	—	—	ND	—	—
2-Methyl-1-butanol	D	1.8	89.34	ND	—	—	ND	—	—
Total alcohols (RA%)		1.9%			0.0%			0.0%
Benzenic derivatives
Benzaldehyde	D	0.1^a	3.18	D	0.1^a	2.14	D	0.1^a	3.31
1-Ethylcyclohexene	D	<0.0	1.53	ND	—	—	ND	—	—
2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol	D	0.2	11.69	ND	—	—	ND	—	—
1,2,3-Trimethoxy-5-prop-2-enylbenzene	D	0.3^a	17.14	ND	—	—	D	0.3^a	9.83
Total benzenic derivatives (RA%)		0.6%			0.1%			0.4%
Ethers
(E)-3-Hexenyl methyl ether	ND	—	—	D	0.2	5.45	ND	—	—
Total ethers (RA%)		0.0%			0.2%			0.0%
Total number of aroma compounds detected	27			16			15

D: detected; ND: not detected; RA (%): relative abundance (%). Values bearing different superscript letters within the same row are statistically significant at 95% confidence level.