Microbial Profile of Fresh Beef Sold in the Markets of Ngaoundéré, Cameroon, and Antiadhesive Activity of a Biosurfactant against Selected Bacterial Pathogens

Table 1

Mean microbial loads in Log CFU/g of fresh beef samples collected from different markets of the city of Ngaoundéré.

Microbial types	PM (n = 10)	GM (n = 10)	MBT (n = 10)	MBG (n = 10)	MD (n = 10)	CC (n = 10)	Norms
Total aerobic count	5.93 ± 0.02^d	5.38 ± 0.01^a	5.82 ± 0.06^c	5.84 ± 0.01^c	5.51 ± 0.12^b	5.80 ± 0.13^cd	7.00
Total coliforms	5.81 ± 0.01^d	5.26 ± 0.08^b	5.02 ± 0.02^a	5.63 ± 0.05^c	5.29 ± 0.01^b	5.93 ± 0.04^e	3.00
Faecal coliforms	5.20 ± 0.01^d	5.08 ± 0.02^b	4.95 ± 0.03^a	5.08 ± 0.11^abc	5.19 ± 0.01^c	5.38 ± 0.01^e	2.70
Faecal Streptococci	4.33 ± 0.02^a	4.65 ± 0.07^b	5.11 ± 0.14^c	4.70 ± 0.12^b	4.39 ± 0.08^a	4.76 ± 0.14^b	—
Staphylococcus spp.	4.65 ± 0.02^b	4.35 ± 0.06^a	4.30 ± 0.13^a	4.82 ± 0.11^cd	4.97 ± 0.03^d	4.87 ± 0.03^c	3.00
Salmonella spp.	+	+	+	+	+	+	0
SR-Clostridium	−	−	−	−	−	−	0
Bacillus spp.	5.36 ± 0.09^d	5.26 ± 0.05^c	5.43 ± 0.07^e	5.09 ± 0.01^b	5.29 ± 0.02^c	4.48 ± 0.02^a	—
Pseudomonas spp.	4.81 ± 0.02^a	4.93 ± 0.06^c	4.82 ± 0.10^abc	4.87 ± 0.03^b	5.05 ± 0.03^d	4.75 ± 0.06^a	2.00
Yeasts	4.31 ± 0.01^c	4.05 ± 0.02^a	4.20 ± 0.10^bc	4.26 ± 0.04^b	4.44 ± 0.02^d	4.67 ± 0.11^e	—
Moulds	1.76 ± 0.01^d	1.46 ± 0.05^a	1.57 ± 0.03^b	1.63 ± 0.01^c	2.29 ± 0.08^f	1.83 ± 0.02^e	—

n = number of samples per site; − = absence; + = presence; PM = “Petit Marché”; GM = “Grand Marché”; MD = “Dang market”; CC = “Centre Commercial”; MBG = “Bamnyanga market”; MBT = “Bantail market”; SR-Clostridium = sulphite-reducing Clostridium; values with different letters within a line are significantly different () according to Duncan’ multiple range test; norms = microbiological criteria of fresh beef established by the European Commission Regulation (EC, 2005).