Microbial Profile of Fresh Beef Sold in the Markets of Ngaoundéré, Cameroon, and Antiadhesive Activity of a Biosurfactant against Selected Bacterial Pathogens

Table 3

Microbial inhibition percentages (%) obtained from the antiadhesive assays with the biosurfactant from L. paracasei subsp. tolerans N2.

Test organisms	Biosurfactant concentration (mg/mL)
	0.01	0.1	0.5	1	2.5	5	7.5	10
S. aureus MTCC 1430	33.96 ± 2.36^aG	49.15 ± 2.48^bI	69.03 ± 0.06^cH	76.26 ± 0.38^dI	82.51 ± 1.43^eG	92.09 ± 0.23^fG	97.34 ± 1.09^gH	99.18 ± 0.10^hI
M. luteus MTCC 106	22.59 ± 2.59^aD	42.38 ± 2.18^bH	65.73 ± 1.47^cG	78.90 ± 3.33^dI	87.17 ± 3.08^eH	92.63 ± 0.41^fG	94.11 ± 0.51^gF	95.59 ± 0.71^hG
L. monocytogenes MTCC 839	20.51 ± 1.19^aD	32.41 ± 0.09^bE	41.50 ± 0.43^cE	50.94 ± 0.19^dF	58.29 ± 1.48^eF	62.22 ± 0.24^fE	68.40 ± 1.55^gE	75.15 ± 0.53^hF
E. coli MTCC 118	19.95 ± 0.32^aD	30.24 ± 0.69^bD	38.77 ± 2.40^cD	48.62 ± 1.94^dE	54.65 ± 1.46^eD	60.08 ± 0.16^fD	65.78 ± 0.48^gD	72.14 ± 0.33^hE
P. aeruginosa PSB2	15.46 ± 0.75^aC	21.64 ± 2.25^bB	31.30 ± 1.00^cB	40.72 ± 0.10^dB	47.90 ± 0.95^eB	51.70 ± 0.55^fB	56.80 ± 0.15^gB	61.70 ± 0.55^hB
P. putida PSJ1	13.10 ± 0.10^aB	23.15 ± 1.81^bB	30.71 ± 1.52^cB	40.30 ± 0.40^dB	46.95 ± 1.50^eB	52.71 ± 0.52^fB	57.22 ± 0.82^gB	60.71 ± 0.50^hB
S. enteritidis SL2	14.45 ± 0.65^aC	26.80 ± 1.10^bC	34.73 ± 0.14^cC	42.10 ± 0.20^dC	50.40 ± 0.90^eC	58.21 ± 0.05^fC	61.20 ± 0.10^gC	66.10 ± 0.50^hC
E. coli E2B	19.32 ± 0.90^aD	27.18 ± 0.45^bC	36.10 ± 0.40^cD	45.90 ± 0.15^dD	53.50 ± 0.35^eE	59.10 ± 0.75^fD	64.15 ± 1.50^gD	70.10 ± 0.45^hD
C. albicans LV1	5.78 ± 0.35^aA	12.19 ± 2.30^bA	24.80 ± 2.11^cA	36.78 ± 1.91^dA	43.10 ± 0.66^eA	47.90 ± 0.25^fA	53.62 ± 0.31^gA	56.12 ± 0.16^hA
Bacillus sp. BC1	24.25 ± 0.90^aE	41.82 ± 1.14^bH	67.70 ± 0.67^cG	70.30 ± 0.50^dG	81.90 ± 0.22^eG	90.62 ± 0.20^fH	98.78 ± 0.50^gH	100.00 ± 0.00^hJ
S. aureus STP1	27.70 ± 0.75^aF	40.01 ± 0.23^bH	66.17 ± 1.80^cG	73.38 ± 0.70^dH	82.21 ± 0.82^eG	93.30 ± 0.75^fI	99.25 ± 0.82^gH	100.00 ± 0.00^hJ
S. xylosus STP2	21.32 ± 2.10^aD	38.41 ± 0.25^bG	65.70 ± 1.50^cG	73.13 ± 0.70^dH	81.92 ± 0.31^eG	92.40 ± 0.21^fI	98.16 ± 1.10^gH	100.00 ± 0.00^hJ
S. epidermis STP3	21.80 ± 2.29^aD	37.11 ± 0.31^bF	60.20 ± 1.66^cF	71.76 ± 0.50^dG	80.68 ± 1.79^eG	88.18 ± 0.13^fF	95.94 ± 0.05^gG	98.70 ± 0.050^hH

Negative controls were set at 0% to indicate the absence of biosurfactant. Positive percentages indicate the reductions in microbial adhesion when compared to the control. Results are expressed as means ± standard deviation of results from triplicate experiments.