Profiles of Sugar and Organic Acid of Fruit Juices: A Comparative Study and Implication for Authentication

Table 2

Organic acid profile of different fruit juices.

Juice	Apple (n = 12)	Pear (n = 15)	Peach (n = 12)	Grape (n = 17)	Sweet cherry (n = 14)	Strawberry (n = 10)	Blueberry (n = 5)
Tartaric (mg/100 mL)	—	—	—	671.61 ± 132.16^a	—	—	—
Quinic (mg/100 mL)	79.24 ± 41.22^c	72.78 ± 20.84^c	189.30 ± 45.74^a	—	—	—	119.73 ± 30.64^b
Malic (mg/100 mL)	474.04 ± 140.23^b	207.35 ± 62.43^c	262.77 ± 87.80^c	188.46 ± 76.20^c	1105.52 ± 261.81^a	203.98 ± 51.18^c	25.01 ± 4.79^d
Shikimic (mg/100 mL)	0.82 ± 0.30^c	10.60 ± 5.17a	1.98 ± 0.57bc	0.76 ± 0.56c	3.10 ± 0.55^b	—	1.71 ± 0.42b^c
Citric (mg/100 mL)	14.76 ± 1.99^c	105.06 ± 67.11^b	116.52 ± 66.14^b	37.71 ± 13.55c	15.33 ± 2.46^c	643.32 ± 135.54^a	643.75 ± 203.40^a
Fumaric (mg/100 mL)	0.04 ± 0.06^e	0.18 ± 0.37cd	1.33 ± 0.49a	0.69 ± 0.44b	0.37 ± 0.17^c	0.84 ± 0.37b	0.06 ± 0.02^cd
Total (mg/100 mL)	568.89 ± 152.40^c	395.96 ± 100.41^d	571.90 ± 113.54^c	899.22 ± 120.96^b	1124.33 ± 263.51^a	848.15 ± 123.92^b	790.25 ± 175.74^b
Malic/citric	32.03 ± 8.09^b	2.70 ± 1.77c	2.91 ± 1.57c	5.19 ± 1.98^c	72.17 ± 13.33^a	0.34 ± 0.13c	0.04 ± 0.02^c
Tartaric/total (%)	—	—		74.57 ± 9.57^a	—	—	—
Quinic/total (%)	14.20 ± 5.86^b	18.82 ± 5.07^b	34.35 ± 10.85^a	—	—	—	16.27 ± 6.72
Malic/total (%)	82.91 ± 6.01^b	52.53 ± 9.15^c	45.66 ± 10.60^d	21.08 ± 8.57^e	98.27 ± 0.33^a	24.54 ± 7.08^e	3.31 ± 1.00^f
Shikimic/total (%)	0.16 ± 0.08^b	2.70 ± 1.02^a	0.36 ± 0.12^b	0.08 ± 0.06^b	0.29 ± 0.09^b	—	0.22 ± 0.04^b
Citric/total (%)	2.73 ± 0.64^d	25.91 ± 11.78^b	19.38 ± 8.08^c	4.19 ± 1.41^d	1.41 ± 0.26^d	75.36 ± 7.09^a	80.19 ± 7.70^a

Different letters for each species of fruit juice indicate the significant differences at ; —: not detected.