OMEGA-3 Fatty Acids Retention, Oxidative Quality, and Sensoric Acceptability of Spray-Dried Flaxseed Oil

Table 5

Impact of spray-drying conditions on malondialdehyde in the flaxseed oil dried powder at different days and storage intervals.

Spray-dryer process run	Independent variables				Malondialdehyde (nmol/g of lipids)
	Inlet air temperature (°C)	Feed flow rate (mL/hr)	Atomization speed (rpm)	Outlet temperature (°C)	0 days	Storage at temperature 4°C		Storage at temperature 25°C
						30 days	60 days	30 days	60 days
1	140 (0)	300 (+1)	16000 (0)	60 (‒1)	0.20 ± 0.04^bc	0.24 ± 0.05^bc	0.30 ± 0.05^ab	0.31 ± 0.06^ab	0.45 ± 0.07^a
2	140 (0)	250 (0)	12000 (‒1)	60 (‒1)	0.20 ± 0.03^bc	0.24 ± 0.04^bc	0.29 ± 0.05^b	0.30 ± 0.05^ab	0.44 ± 0.06^a
3	140 (0)	200 (‒1)	16000 (0)	80 (+1)	0.22 ± 0.05^bc	0.26 ± 0.05^b	0.32 ± 0.06^ab	0.33 ± 0.07^ab	0.47 ± 0.08^a
4	120 (‒1)	200 (‒1)	16000 (0)	70 (0)	0.18 ± 0.02^c	0.22 ± 0.03^bc	0.28 ± 0.04^b	0.29 ± 0.05^b	0.43 ± 0.05^a
5	160 (+1)	300 (+1)	16000 (0)	70 (0)	0.22 ± 0.05^bc	0.26 ± 0.06^b	0.32 ± 0.06^ab	0.33 ± 0.07^ab	0.47 ± 0.08^a
6 (C1)	140 (0)	250 (0)	16000 (0)	70 (0)	0.21 ± 0.04^bc	0.25 ± 0.05^b	0.31 ± 0.06^ab	0.32 ± 0.06^ab	0.46 ± 0.07^a
7	120 (‒1)	250 (0)	16000 (0)	80 (+1)	0.19 ± 0.03^c	0.24 ± 0.04^bc	0.30 ± 0.04^ab	0.30 ± 0.06^ab	0.44 ± 0.07^a
8 (C2)	140 (0)	250 (0)	16000 (0)	70 (0)	0.21 ± 0.05^bc	0.25 ± 0.05^b	0.31 ± 0.06^ab	0.32 ± 0.07^ab	0.46 ± 0.08^a
9	140 (0)	200 (‒1)	16000 (0)	60 (‒1)	0.20 ± 0.04^bc	0.24 ± 0.05^bc	0.30 ± 0.05^ab	0.32 ± 0.06^ab	0.45 ± 0.07^a
10	160 (+1)	250 (0)	16000 (0)	60 (‒1)	0.23 ± 0.05^bc	0.27 ± 0.06^b	0.31 ± 0.07^ab	0.32 ± 0.08^ab	0.47 ± 0.09^a
11	160 (+1)	250 (0)	12000 (‒1)	70 (0)	0.24 ± 0.06^bc	0.28 ± 0.07^b	0.32 ± 0.07^ab	0.33 ± 0.08^ab	0.47 ± 0.09^a
12	120 (‒1)	250 (0)	12000 (‒1)	70 (0)	0.18 ± 0.02^c	0.22 ± 0.03^bc	0.28 ± 0.04^b	0.29 ± 0.04^b	0.43 ± 0.05^a
13	140 (0)	200 (‒1)	20000 (‒1)	70 (0)	0.20 ± 0.04^bc	0.24 ± 0.05^bc	0.30 ± 0.05^ab	0.31 ± 0.07^ab	0.45 ± 0.07^a
14	120 (‒1)	250 (0)	16000 (0)	60 (‒1)	0.17 ± 0.01^c	0.22 ± 0.02^bc	0.28 ± 0.03^b	0.29 ± 0.03^b	0.43 ± 0.04^a
15 (C3)	140 (0)	250 (0)	16000 (0)	70 (0)	0.21 ± 0.04^bc	0.25 ± 0.05^b	0.31 ± 0.06^ab	0.32 ± 0.07^ab	0.46 ± 0.08^a
16	120 (‒1)	300 (+1)	16000 (0)	70 (0)	0.18 ± 0.02	0.22 ± 0.03^bc	0.28 ± 0.04^b	0.30 ± 0.05^ab	0.44 ± 0.06^a
17	140 (0)	250 (0)	12000 (‒1)	80 (+1)	0.22 ± 0.05^bc	0.26 ± 0.05^b	0.28 ± 0.06^b	0.29 ± 0.07^b	0.43 ± 0.08^a
18 (C4)	140 (0)	250 (0)	16000 (0)	70 (0)	0.21 ± 0.03^bc	0.25 ± 0.04^b	0.31 ± 0.04^ab	0.32 ± 0.05^ab	0.47 ± 0.06^a
19	140 (0)	300 (+1)	16000 (0)	80 (+1)	0.22 ± 0.04^bc	0.26 ± 0.05^b	0.32 ± 0.05^ab	0.33 ± 0.06^ab	0.47 ± 0.07^a
20	160 (+1)	250 (0)	16000 (0)	80 (+1)	0.24 ± 0.06^bc	0.28 ± 0.07^b	0.34 ± 0.07^ab	0.34 ± 0.08^ab	0.48 ± 0.08^a
21	140 (0)	300 (+1)	12000 (‒1)	70 (0)	0.21 ± 0.05^bc	0.25 ± 0.06^b	0.31 ± 0.07^ab	0.32 ± 0.07^ab	0.47 ± 0.07^a
22	120 (‒1)	250 (0)	20000 (+1)	70 (0)	0.18 ± 0.02	0.22 ± 0.03^bc	0.28 ± 0.04^b	0.29 ± 0.05^b	0.43 ± 0.06^a
23	140 (0)	250 (0)	20000 (+1)	80 (+1)	0.22 ± 0.05^bc	0.26 ± 0.06^b	0.32 ± 0.06^ab	0.33 ± 0.07^ab	0.47 ± 0.07^a
24	140 (0)	300 (+1)	20000 (+1)	70 (0)	0.21 ± 0.03^bc	0.25 ± 0.04^b	0.31 ± 0.05^ab	0.32 ± 0.05^ab	0.46 ± 0.06^a
25	140 (0)	250 (0)	20000 (+1)	60 (‒1)	0.20 ± 0.04^bc	0.24 ± 0.04^c	0.30 ± 0.05^ab	0.31 ± 0.06^ab	0.46 ± 0.06^a
26	160 (+1)	250 (0)	20000 (+1)	70 (0)	0.23 ± 0.05^bc	0.27 ± 0.06^b	0.33 ± 0.06^ab	0.33 ± 0.07^ab	0.47 ± 0.08^a
27	160 (+1)	200 (‒1)	16000 (0)	70 (0)	0.23 ± 0.04^bc	0.27 ± 0.05^b	0.33 ± 0.05^ab	0.34 ± 0.06^ab	0.48 ± 0.07^a
28	140 (0)	200 (‒1)	12000 (‒1)	70 (0)	0.20 ± 0.03^bc	0.24 ± 0.04^bc	0.30 ± 0.05^ab	0.31 ± 0.05^ab	0.45 ± 0.06^a
29 (C5)	140 (0)	250 (0)	16000 (0)	70 (0)	0.21 ± 0.06^bc	0.25 ± 0.06^b	0.31 ± 0.07^ab	0.32 ± 0.08^ab	0.46 ± 0.09^a
30 (C6)	140 (0)	250 (0)	16000 (0)	70 (0)	0.21 ± 0.05^bc	0.25 ± 0.06^b	0.31 ± 0.07^ab	0.32 ± 0.08^ab	0.46 ± 0.08^a

^{C1,C2,C3,C4,C5,C6}Spray-drying process at center points. Experimental model = Box–Behnken design. Total number of spray-drying treatments = 30. Number of replicates = 03. ^a-cValues with similar letters show homogenous groups within the row and column ().