Steroid Hormone Exposure as a Potential Hazard in Milk Consumers: A Significant Health Challenge in Iran

Table 6

Calculation of HQ index based on the average of daily intake of steroid hormones by milk consumption in Hamadan, Iran.

Steroid hormones		Daily intake(ng/kg body weight)		Hazard quotient (HQ) index^†
		Mean ± SD	Min-max	Mean ± SD	Min-max
17β-Estradiol	Child	3.05 ± 1.75	0.69–8.51	0.06 ± 0.035	0.01–0.17
	Adult	0.82 ± 0.47	0.189–2.30	0.016 ± 0.009	0.003–0.046
Progesterone	Child	32.95 ± 22.8	6.36–111.69	<0.001	<0.001–0.003
	Adult	8.92 ± 6.17	1.72–30.25	<0.001	<0.001

^†If the HQ value is less than 1, there is no risk through consumption of milk.