Prevalence and Characterization of Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Recovered from Pasteurized Cheese Commercialized in Panama City Markets

Table 1

Antibiotic resistance profiles of S. aureus isolates from five pasteurized cheese brands in Panama.

Class of antibiotic	Antibiotic	Abbreviation	Inhibition zone (mm)^a			Antibiotic profile
			R^b	I	S	1	2	3	5	T (%)
Macrolides	Erythromycin	E (15)^c	≤12	13–17	≥18	4-12-3^d	0-2-0	5-3-0	18-2-0	55-39-6
Tetracyclines	Tetracycline	TE (30)	≤14	15–20	≥21	1-8-10	0-1-1	6-1-1	5-4-11	24-29-47
Aminoglycosides	Gentamicin	GEN (10)	≤13	14–22	≥23	0-0-19	0-0-2	1-3-4	0-2-18	2-10-88
Glycopeptides	Vancomycin	VA (30)	≤12	13-14	≥15	0-0-19	0-0-2	0-0-8	1-1-18	2-2-96
Penicillinase-stable penicillin	Oxacillin	OX (1)	≤12	13–15	≥16	0-0-19	1-1-0	4-0-4	5-1-14	20-4-76
Phenicols	Chloramphenicol	CHL (30)	≤10	11-12	≥13	1-13-5	0-0-2	1-6-1	0-6-14	4-51-45
Lincosamide	Clindamycin	CC (2)	≤16	17–19	≥20	3-12-4	1-1-0	7-1-0	6-4-10	36-36-28
Fluoroquinolones	Ofloxacin	OFX (5)	≤14	15–18	≥19	0-0-19	0-1-1	2-2-4	1-5-14	6-16-78
Asamycins	Rifampicin	RA (5)	≤9	10-11	≥12	1-2-16	0-0-2	3-2-3	0-3-17	6-14-80

E, erythromycin; TE, tetracycline; GEM, gentamicin; VA, vancomycin; OX, oxacillin; CHL, chloramphenicol; CC, clindamycin; OFX, ofloxacin; RA, rifampicin. ^aThe concentrations used inhibition zone measurements according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute [31]. ^bAbbreviation: R, resistant; I, intermediate; S, susceptible; T, total. ^cThe antibiotic disc concentration in µg is shown in parenthesis. ^dNumber of resistant, intermediate, and susceptible isolated strains.