Variation in Phenolic, Mineral, Dietary Fiber, and Antioxidant Activity across Southern Tunisian Pearl Millet Germplasm
Table 4
Phenolic acid contents (µg·g−1 DM) identified in the methanol extracts of grains of millet genotypes.
Quinic acid
Protocatechuic acid
Caffeic acid
Syringic acid
1,3-di-O-Caffeoyquinic acid
p-Coumaric acid
trans-Ferulic acid
Salviolinic acid
Med.AG1.3
582.18 ± 105.40 d
—
3.87 ± 0.96 c
1.20 ± 1.32 a
0.96 ± 0.74 a
5.28 ± 1.91 e
7.76 ± 1.97 cd
1.72 ± 0.27 a
Med.AG2.4
920.89 ± 98.05 b
2.53 ± 1.53 a
5.96 ± 2.00 bc
1.20 ± 0.38 a
—
14.69 ± 2.00 d
9.61 ± 1.00 bcd
1.41 ± 0.62 a
Med.AG3.1
1072.36 ± 152.76 ab
3.33 ± 2.08 a
13.76 ± 4.04 a
1.52 ± 1.16 a
0.626 ± 0.48 a
24.35 ± 1.00 c
9.72 ± 1.00 bcd
1.87 ± 0.26 a
Med.AG4.5
649.32 ± 141.60 cd
—
14.30 ± 2.52 a
1.51 ± 1.00 a
—
35.80 ± 3.09 b
7.12± 2.08 ab
1.84 ± 0.28 a
Med.AG4.6
531.11 ± 166.23 d
—
5.43 ± 2.00 bc
1.74 ± 1.00 a
—
17.19 ± 1.53 d
9.60 ± 1.00 bcd
1.48 ± 0.50 a
Jer.AG5.2
461.65 ± 205.53 d
2.37 ± 1.00 a
12.46 ± 4.17 a
1.48 ± 1.00 a
—
14.49 ± 0.99 d
12.01 ± 2.00 d
1.53 ± 0.52 a
Jer.AG6.1
933.08 ± 64.29 b
—
9.76 ± 2.08 ab
2.15 ± 1.41 a
—
22.74 ± 2.00 c
10.93 ± 1.53 abc
1.08 ± 0.25 a
Jer.AG6.2
834.92 ± 175.30 bc
2.66 ± 1.41 a
11.20 ± 2.50 ab
1.74 ± 1.09 a
—
48.34 ± 2.86 a
12.19 ± 1.49 ab
1.57 ± 0.73 a
Jer.AG7.1
1202.88 ± 99.14 a
2.75 ± 1.29 a
12.37 ± 2.08 a
2.66 ± 1.53 a
—
51.44 ± 1.00 a
13.91 ± 2.52 a
1.67 ± 0.78 a
Jer.AG7.2
923.44 ± 89.80 b
2.52 ± 0.98 a
9.64 ± 1.50 ab
1.66 ± 1.12 a
—
23.12 ± 2.62 c
11.96 ± 1.65 ab
1.58 ± 0.71 a
R²
0.813
0.687
0.732
0.167
0.673
0.987
0.677
0.199
CV%
30.22
87.49
37.05
26.115
216.55
58.35
20.18
14.51
ANOVA
ns
ns
Chromatographic analysis parameters
Mw
192
154
180
198
516
164
194
718
Ionization form
[M-H]-
[M-H]-
[M-H]-
[M-H]-
[M-H]-
[M-H]-
[M-H]-
[M-H]-
m/z
191
153
179
197
515
163
193
717
Retention time
1.973
6.883
14.457
16.056
16.988
20.902
23.111
28.114
LOD++ (ppm)
0.616
0.122
0.031
0.297
0.624
0.384
0.373
0.092
LOQ++ (ppm)
1.867
0.369
0.093
0.901
1.890
1.165
1.131
0.280
Values are averages ± SD (n = 3). Letters a–e denote statistical differences between assessed genotypes using Duncan’s multirange mean comparison test (α = 0.05). One-way ANOVA results revealing significant differences between genotypes are presented according to P values as follows: ns: ; 0.01 ≤ P < 0.05; 0.001 ≤ P < 0.01; and . ++ The limit of detection LOD = 3.3σ / S, and the limit of quantification LOQ = 10σ / S; σ is the standard deviation of the response, and S is the slope of the calibration curve.
