Comparative Characterization of Trends and Patterns of Physical and Chemical Attributes of Optimal and Traditional Processed Cowpea Leaves

Table 11

Micronutrient composition of optimally processed cowpea leaves (mg/100 g dry matter basis).

Processing technique	Beta-carotene	Ascorbic acid	Zinc	Iron	Calcium	Sodium
A	22.65 ± 0.06^a	136.00 ± 1.88^b	8.90 ± 2.42^b	17.07 ± 3.31^ab	14.12 ± 4.00^b	19.95 ± 4.00^c
B	7.34 ± 0.03^f	76.83 ± 0.60^c	6.54 ± 0.28^bc	25.99 ± 8.44^a	19.84 ± 2.06^b	15.81 ± 2.06^c
C	16.80 ± 0.05^c	51.06 ± 0.19^e	13.91 ± 0.86^a	23.03 ± 10.58^ab	19.75 ± 2.19^b	15.85 ± 2.19^c
D	13.41 ± 0.00^e	38.82 ± 0.06^f	2.20 ± 0.63^de	8.17 ± 4.09^b	19.08 ± 1.55^b	102.12 ± 1.55^a
E	4.38 ± 0.11^g	69.27 ± 0.87^d	1.35 ± 0.37^e	14.15 ± 3.50^ab	17.15 ± 3.50^b	87.51 ± 3.50^a
F	15.21 ± 0.07^d	75.46 ± 0.85^c	5.26 ± 1.12^cd	9.07 ± 2.69^b	16.38 ± 2.14^b	94.52 ± 5.14^a
G	22.06 ± 0.04^b	165.97 ± 0.11^a	13.51 ± 1.34^a	22.65 ± 0.52^ab	46.29 ± 4.72^a	27.90 ± 4.72^c
%CV	41.1	69.7	64.2	84.4	30.3	55.5
HSD	0.1666	2.46	3.37	16.0	9.91	20.2
value	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.009	<0.001	<0.001

The values are mean ± SD of duplicates. Values with different letters in the superscript are statistically different. A, blanched oven dried; B, blanched sun dried; C, blanched solar dried; D, fermented oven dried; E, fermented sun dried; F, fermented solar dried; G, fresh leaves.