Comparative Characterization of Trends and Patterns of Physical and Chemical Attributes of Optimal and Traditional Processed Cowpea Leaves

Table 9

Main effect crop variety and stage of harvesting on the antinutrient and antioxidant contents of cowpea leaves.

Independent variables		Antinutrient content and antioxidant activity per 100 g dry matter basis
		Nitrates (mg)	Oxalates (mg)	Total phenolics (mg GAE)	Flavonoids (mg CE)	Total antioxidant activity (μM TE)
Crop variety	Kunde Mboga	278.71 ± 5.78^Aa	1.74 ± 0.65^Aa	26.08 ± 5.83^Aa	8.16 ± 5.07^Aa	26.40 ± 8.94^Aa
	Machakos 66	429.30 ± 72.94^Aa	2.16 ± 0.60^Aa	15.66 ± 1.57^Ab	5.90 ± 4.05^Ab	21.19 ± 5.49^Aa
%CV		59.8	32.6	17.8	30.6	53.6
HSD		179.8	0.54	3.2	1.8	10.8
value		0.096	0.115	<0.001	0.02	0.329
Stage of harvesting (WEA)	4	621.79 ± 134.42^Ba	1.58 ± 0.20^Aa	4.04 ± 2.08^Ac	0.90 ± 0.15^Bb	21.22 ± 5.73^Ba
	8	206.24 ± 35.22^Bb	2.79 ± 0.20^Aa	23.15 ± 8.58^Ab	9.73 ± 1.77^Ba	33.94 ± 8.90^Ba
	12	234.00 ± 59.71^Bb	1.49 ± 0.30^Aa	35.42 ± 6.90^Aa	10.47 ± 1.58^Ba	16.21 ± 2.88^Ba
%CV		59.8	32.6	17.8	30.6	53.6
HSD		266.9	0.80	4.7	2.7	16.1
value		0.001	0.770	<0.001	<0.001	0.441

The values are mean ± SD of duplicates. Values with similar uppercase letters followed by a different lowercase in the superscript along the column are statistically different.