Analysis of Volatiles of Rose Pepper Fruits by GC/MS: Drying Kinetics, Essential Oil Yield, and External Color Analysis

Table 7

Essential oils composition of rose pepper fruits, expressed in relative percentage.

N	Compound	RT (min)	LRI ^1	LRI ^2	Rose pepper fruits essential oil relative %^3
					Fresh	35°C	55°C	65°C	75°C
1	α-Pinene	11.29	940	932	21 ± 1^d	20.7 ± 0.2^d	57 ± 1^a	27 ± 1^c	37 ± 2^b
2	Sabinene	13.04	976	969	0.868 ± 0.003	0.9 ± 0.1	0.355 ± 0.002	0.47 ± 0.01	1.2 ± 0.1
3	β-Pinene	13.31	982	974	5.16 ± 0.03	6.6 ± 0.2	1.57 ± 0.03	4.3 ± 0.3	7.7 ± 0.2
4	β-Myrcene	14.02	996	988	3.7 ± 0.1	3.41 ± 0.04	2.7 ± 0.1	3.79 ± 0.03	2.3 ± 0.2
5	α-Phellandrene	14.68	1009	1002	0.135 ± 0.01	−	0.64 ± 0.02	0.21 ± 0.01	−
6	δ-3-Carene	14.77	1011	1010	12.8 ± 0.5^c	11.2 ± 0.3^d	11.07 ± 0.05^d	17 ± 1^a	15 ± 1^b
7	cis-Ocimene	15.07	1017	1032	29 ± 2^a	27.9 ± 1.1^a	6.6 ± 0.5^c	15.3 ± 0.1^b	3.3 ± 0.2^d
8	p-Cymene	15.70	1029	1025	4 ± 0.1^c	2.6 ± 0.1^e	7.1 ± 0.1^a	4.69 ± 0.03^b	3.4 ± 0.1^d
9	Limonene	16.01	1035	1024	8 ± 1^b	8 ± 1^b	9 ± 1^b	8.6 ± 0.05^c	11 ± 1^a
10	Terpinolene	18.64	1088	1086	0.517 ± 0.0004	0.82 ± 0.01	0.143 ± 0.001	0.8 ± 0.1	0.35 ± 0.01
11	α-Pinene oxide	19.23	1099	1096	0.186 ± 0.004	0.19 ± 0.02	0.69 ± 0.03	0.19 ± 0.01	0.2 ± 0.02
12	cis-p-Mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol	19.76	1110	1102	0.14 ± 0.01	0.085 ± 0.005	0.9 ± 0.1	0.32 ± 0.02	0.38 ± 0.03
13	trans-Verbenol	21.58	1147	1140	0.337 ± 0.005	0.061 ± 0.002	0.4 ± 0.01	0.45 ± 0.02	0.25 ± 0.01
14	Sabinol	21.78	1151	1142	0.15 ± 0.02	0.135 ± 0.002	0.6 ± 0.1	0.4073 ± 0.0001	0.31 ± 0.01
15	Terpinen-4-ol	23.28	1182	1174	0.157 ± 0.002	0.26 ± 0.01	−	0.32 ± 0.01	0.43 ± 0.02
16	α-Terpineol	23.52	1187	1186	0.26 ± 0.01	0.102 ± 0.001	0.9 ± 0.1	0.41 ± 0.02	0.21 ± 0.02
17	p-Cymen-9-ol	23.66	1190	1204	0.26 ± 0.02	0.19 ± 0.01	0.3 ± 0.1	0.4 ± 0.01	0.151 ± 0.005
18	Verbenone	24.36	1204	1205	0.91 ± 0.03	0.6 ± 0.04	0.94 ± 0.05	1.01 ± 0.02	0.52 ± 0.03
19	Eucarvone	24.64	1210	1243	0.71 ± 0.01	0.33 ± 0.02	0.18 ± 0.03	0.5 ± 0.04	0.18 ± 0.01
20	Hydroxycitronellol	31.12	1353	1359	0.46 ± 0.01	0.26 ± 0.01	0.71 ± 0.02	0.36 ± 0.04	0.044 ± 0.003
21	α-Ylangene	32.06	1374	1373	0.22 ± 0.03	0.15 ± 0.02	0.28 ± 0.02	0.29 ± 0.02	0.25 ± 0.02
22	β-Elemene	32.69	1389	1389	0.54 ± 0.01	0.686 ± 0.006	0.383 ± 0.005	0.614 ± 0.007	0.33 ± 0.03
23	α-Gurjunene	33.36	1404	1409	0.23 ± 0.01	0.33 ± 0.01	−	0.35 ± 0.01	0.25 ± 0.02
24	β-Caryophyllene	33.94	1418	1417	2.24 ± 0.15	3.1 ± 0.1	1.74 ± 0.03	2.8 ± 0.1	2.9 ± 0.16
25	ƴ-Elemene	34.34	1428	1434	0.32 ± 0.03	0.6 ± 0.03	0.8 ± 0.1	0.88 ± 0.04	0.91 ± 0.02
26	Humulene	35.35	1452	1436	0.254 ± 0.001	0.37 ± 0.04	0.28 ± 0.01	0.5 ± 0.1	0.47 ± 0.04
27	α-Humulene	35.46	1455	1454	0.39 ± 0.01	0.72 ± 0.05	0.09 ± 0.01	0.24 ± 0.01	0.37 ± 0.01
28	Germacrene D	36.44	1479	1480	0.79 ± 0.04	1.65 ± 0.05	0.113 ± 0.003	1.45 ± 0.05	3.76 ± 0.23
29	α-Muurolene	37.17	1496	1500	0.262 ± 0.003	0.31 ± 0.03	0.17 ± 0.01	0.35 ± 0.02	0.93 ± 0.05
30	ƴ-Cadinene	37.70	1510	1513	0.18 ± 0.02	0.21 ± 0.02	0.145 ± 0.002	0.3 ± 0.02	0.29 ± 0.03
31	δ-Cadinene	37.97	1517	1523	1.06 ± 0.01	1.38 ± 0.01	0.2585 ± 0.0001	1.1 ± 0.1	1.2 ± 0.1
32	Elemol	39.20	1548	1548	2.2 ± 0.1	3.1 ± 0.1	1.1 ± 0.1	2 ± 0.1	0.85 ± 0.01
33	Spatulenol	40.22	1574	1576	0.28 ± 0.01	0.32 ± 0.03	0.25 ± 0.02	0.27 ± 0.01	0.43 ± 0.01
34	Caryophyllene oxide	40.36	1578	1582	0.75 ± 0.03	0.72 ± 0.03	0.54 ± 0.02	0.9 ± 0.1	0.4 ± 0.01
35	ƴ-Eudesmol	42.28	1628	1632	0.26 ± 0.02	0.494 ± 0.005	0.567 ± 0.001	0.41 ± 0.01	0.37 ± 0.01
36	Alloaromadendrene oxide	42.85	1643	1641	0.095 ± 0.004	0.227 ± 0.004	0.6 ± 0.1	0.36 ± 0.02	0.546 ± 0.004
37	β-Eudesmol	43.16	1652	1650	1.26 ± 0.02	1.23 ± 0.03	0.151 ± 0.001	1.3 ± 0.01	0.69 ± 0.04
38	Dihydroeudesmol	43.27	1655	1658	0.09 ± 0.01	−	0.37 ± 0.01	0.21 ± 0.01	0.13 ± 0.01
	Monoterpene hydrocarbons				85 ± 5^a	82 ± 2^a	87 ± 2^a	82 ± 2^a	82 ± 5^a
	Oxygen-containing monoterpenes				3.4 ± 0.1^c	2 ± 0.1^d	5 ± 0.4^a	4.2 ± 0.2^b	2.5 ± 0.1^e
	Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons				7.3 ± 0.3^c	10.5 ± 0.4^b	5.4 ± 0.2^d	10.1 ± 0.6^b	13 ± 1^a
	Oxygen-containing sesquiterpenes				4.1 ± 0.2^b	5.1 ± 0.2^a	2.4 ± 0.1^c	4.2 ± 0.1^b	2.5 ± 0.1^c

¹LRI: linear retention index determined on a DB-5 MS fused-silica column relative to a series of n-alkanes (C₈–C₄₀). ²Linear retention index reported in the literature (Adams, 2017). ³Relative % is given as mean ± SD, n = 3. Equal letters do not differ by the Tukey or Tahmane T2 tests, at a 5% significance level.