Batter Characteristics and Oil Penetration of Deep-Fried Breaded Fish Nuggets: Effect of Wheat Starch—Gluten Interaction

<div>Moisture adsorption isotherms for <svg height="9.01194pt" id="M77" style="vertical-align:-0.2455397pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.7664 18.5245 9.01194" width="18.5245pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M956 650H736V622C814 613 818 602 804 542C789 471 733 275 691 141H689C628 314 570 476 514 641H485C434 478 377 312 323 142H321C277 284 238 419 199 554C184 605 186 613 259 622V650H16V622C77 615 92 606 117 524C172 346 228 170 281 -11H312C363 151 419 312 475 488H477C528 343 597 150 652 -11H683C765 269 826 458 848 522C878 605 887 613 956 622V650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,12.192,0)"><path d="M409 504C401 567 396 607 392 642C354 654 312 665 266 665C137 665 60 583 60 487C60 374 161 325 225 290C300 250 355 215 355 141C355 68 311 21 235 21C131 21 86 122 71 183L41 176C48 128 61 42 68 21C78 16 93 8 118 0C142 -7 175 -15 216 -15C349 -15 438 69 438 174C438 287 344 333 265 374C186 414 138 449 138 522C138 576 172 631 249 631C336 631 363 562 380 499L409 504Z"></path></g></svg> and <span class="nowrap"><svg height="9.01194pt" id="M78" style="vertical-align:-0.2455397pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.7664 21.617 9.01194" width="21.617pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M956 650H736V622C814 613 818 602 804 542C789 471 733 275 691 141H689C628 314 570 476 514 641H485C434 478 377 312 323 142H321C277 284 238 419 199 554C184 605 186 613 259 622V650H16V622C77 615 92 606 117 524C172 346 228 170 281 -11H312C363 151 419 312 475 488H477C528 343 597 150 652 -11H683C765 269 826 458 848 522C878 605 887 613 956 622V650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,12.14,0)"><path d="M692 302H438V274C537 267 543 260 543 188V103C543 61 531 48 511 37C489 26 458 20 424 20C231 20 146 188 146 333C146 517 258 630 411 630C507 630 582 597 606 474L634 480C627 546 622 601 619 636C586 643 510 665 426 665C230 665 44 552 44 321C44 122 191 -15 411 -15C491 -15 573 7 635 21C629 49 628 81 628 116V202C628 261 632 266 692 274V302Z"></path></g></svg>.</span> <svg height="9.01194pt" id="M79" style="vertical-align:-0.2455397pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.7664 18.5245 9.01194" width="18.5245pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M956 650H736V622C814 613 818 602 804 542C789 471 733 275 691 141H689C628 314 570 476 514 641H485C434 478 377 312 323 142H321C277 284 238 419 199 554C184 605 186 613 259 622V650H16V622C77 615 92 606 117 524C172 346 228 170 281 -11H312C363 151 419 312 475 488H477C528 343 597 150 652 -11H683C765 269 826 458 848 522C878 605 887 613 956 622V650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,12.192,0)"><path d="M409 504C401 567 396 607 392 642C354 654 312 665 266 665C137 665 60 583 60 487C60 374 161 325 225 290C300 250 355 215 355 141C355 68 311 21 235 21C131 21 86 122 71 183L41 176C48 128 61 42 68 21C78 16 93 8 118 0C142 -7 175 -15 216 -15C349 -15 438 69 438 174C438 287 344 333 265 374C186 414 138 449 138 522C138 576 172 631 249 631C336 631 363 562 380 499L409 504Z"></path></g></svg> and <svg height="9.01194pt" id="M80" style="vertical-align:-0.2455397pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.7664 21.617 9.01194" width="21.617pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M956 650H736V622C814 613 818 602 804 542C789 471 733 275 691 141H689C628 314 570 476 514 641H485C434 478 377 312 323 142H321C277 284 238 419 199 554C184 605 186 613 259 622V650H16V622C77 615 92 606 117 524C172 346 228 170 281 -11H312C363 151 419 312 475 488H477C528 343 597 150 652 -11H683C765 269 826 458 848 522C878 605 887 613 956 622V650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,12.14,0)"><path d="M692 302H438V274C537 267 543 260 543 188V103C543 61 531 48 511 37C489 26 458 20 424 20C231 20 146 188 146 333C146 517 258 630 411 630C507 630 582 597 606 474L634 480C627 546 622 601 619 636C586 643 510 665 426 665C230 665 44 552 44 321C44 122 191 -15 411 -15C491 -15 573 7 635 21C629 49 628 81 628 116V202C628 261 632 266 692 274V302Z"></path></g></svg> represent wheat starch and wheat gluten, respectively.</div>

Journal of Food Quality

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Figure 1

Figure 1: Batter Characteristics and Oil Penetration of Deep-Fried Breaded Fish Nuggets: Effect of Wheat Starch—Gluten Interaction 