Understanding Gene Action, Combining Ability, and Heterosis to Identify Superior Aromatic Rice Hybrids Using Artificial Neural Network

Table 8

Heterosis over mid- and better-parent for ten quantitative characters in the F1 generation.

Crosses	Plant height		Main panicle length		Exsertion length		Leaf area		Total effective tillers		Spikelet number/panicle		Filled grains per Panicle		Fertility (%)		Test weight		Seed yield per Plant
	H (mp)	H (bp)	H (mp)	H (bp)	H (mp)	H (bp)	H (mp)	H (bp)	H (mp)	H (bp)	H (mp)	H (bp)	H (mp)	H (bp)	H (mp)	H (bp)	H (mp)	H (bp)	H (mp)	H (bp)
Baskota × Pusa Basmati-1	13.10	40.77	−4.27	−13.21	−22.11	−39.79	12.41	7.59	46.16	40.91	18.51	−5.06	27.97	0.97	8.54	6.39	31.01	12.01	74.63	52.44
Baskota × BM-24	27.56	43.48	11.84	3.81	187.32	95.88	7.84	6.64	11.57	4.26	76.90	71.28	46.70	44.18	−17.11	−18.35	−32.80	−33.04	32.53	25.64
Baskota × Govindobhog	−1.95	15.37	7.92	5.66	−15.15	−18.58	3.61	−16.08	−28.17	−37.66	−29.29	−41.73	−47.86	−61.01	−23.97	−32.72	−7.56	−10.63	−19.71	−40.11
Baskota × Dehradun Pahari	21.57	24.45	−5.57	−9.05	58.83	47.42	70.27	55.50	−25.17	−31.44	63.45	29.23	77.41	48.63	6.60	−0.85	−2.53	−2.66	19.26	−13.17
Baskota × Gopalbhog	33.03	39.30	5.00	1.64	65.61	47.01	−10.12	−22.80	−13.99	−26.29	34.38	16.42	14.04	6.79	−18.04	−32.81	−1.13	−2.49	−22.64	−30.07
Baskota × Tulaipanji	23.44	41.55	−2.65	−3.88	−54.64	−66.60	39.49	33.10	−13.73	−32.26	87.20	50.70	91.89	82.89	−2.42	−18.40	26.58	2.31	118.13	74.66
Pusa Basmati-1 × BM-24	−8.62	0.14	10.23	−4.67	−13.80	−48.35	64.35	55.64	12.84	9.23	22.58	0.70	5.10	−15.99	−13.49	−16.46	0.00	−14.75	66.51	38.90
Pusa Basmati-1 × Govindobhog	−3.24	1.62	5.66	−4.04	−8.96	−31.63	44.52	21.26	−1.51	−11.71	18.52	14.33	6.62	−1.01	−10.10	−19.05	24.88	3.82	42.26	18.03
Pusa Basmati-1 × Dehradun Pahari	9.83	32.99	−9.40	−13.03	24.14	−8.91	16.88	2.60	74.36	54.55	−2.50	−34.19	−35.65	−55.26	−35.77	−39.11	−3.17	−17.30	66.31	11.45
Pusa Basmati-1 × Gopalbhog	19.49	41.06	0.87	−9.35	79.73	27.92	9.64	−2.14	54.15	36.36	29.77	−6.49	−3.43	−19.74	−31.22	−42.71	−18.56	−29.55	39.87	34.48
Pusa Basmati-1 × Tulaipanji	−11.46	−4.75	−19.77	−24.82	−63.17	−65.65	45.01	32.71	−6.57	−24.52	0.44	−31.34	−9.16	−30.79	−17.17	−29.59	38.16	29.07	57.07	13.77
BM-24 × Govindobhog	0.12	4.27	−1.79	−7.01	202.27	110.90	−41.45	−52.97	−60.98	−63.96	−21.41	−31.51	−41.43	−55.69	−23.30	−33.05	−41.52	−43.27	−65.21	−74.94
BM-24 × Dehradun Pahari	−3.49	5.83	8.13	−3.04	118.54	55.66	−20.85	−26.98	141.98	108.51	130.62	78.07	50.04	23.96	−34.91	−42.13	−22.80	−22.97	215.95	138.41
BM-24 × Gopal bhog	−5.24	1.49	23.55	18.30	98.58	45.83	−29.62	−40.11	118.81	99.30	25.74	6.01	−40.73	−43.58	−54.84	−63.42	−24.31	−25.62	−9.23	−21.75
BM-24 × Tulaipanji	2.90	4.70	7.72	−1.18	28.47	−24.73	38.97	34.02	−20.40	−34.08	178.90	119.11	177.00	159.69	−6.44	−22.72	−21.53	−36.75	15.98	−3.09
Govindobhog × Dehradun Pahari	13.22	29.74	−5.82	−11.12	2.18	−1.72	18.48	−10.40	17.32	−5.41	21.38	−16.46	−7.64	−38.37	−21.64	−25.80	−15.06	−17.77	−9.91	−44.85
Govindobhog × Gopal bhog	20.49	34.75	3.22	2.02	−76.17	−28.03	−15.01	−20.80	13.58	11.89	−21.35	−42.01	−47.35	−58.74	−34.98	−40.45	−24.68	−28.16	−34.05	−46.96
Govindobhog × Tulaipanji	−22.17	−20.38	10.05	6.41	−1.44	−29.31	−17.92	−35.85	−21.95	−30.73	−29.96	−51.14	−38.85	−55.70	−15.17	−20.49	16.61	−8.14	−16.77	−46.08
Dehradun Pahari × Gopalbhog	25.55	28.35	−14.51	−20.19	−46.73	−49.25	−6.38	−25.42	11.40	−11.19	19.56	7.20	29.18	2.67	9.84	−4.25	−11.44	−12.78	29.28	−11.53
Dehradun Pahari × Tulaipanji	15.87	29.47	17.07	19.13	77.39	24.58	13.40	17.30	31.82	49.72	91.18	86.66	96.85	71.80	3.18	8.09	47.14	−57.32	33.35	17.25
Gopalbhog × Tulaipanji	8.34	18.20	−3.53	−7.76	−53.63	−68.32	36.74	12.94	−37.89	−44.13	67.41	53.39	39.33	24.77	−16.65	−18.69	8.85	−11.07	6.78	−20.66
Range
Minimum	−22.17	−20.38	−19.77	−24.82	−76.17	−68.32	−41.45	−52.97	−60.98	−63.96	−29.96	−51.14	−47.86	−61.01	−54.84	−63.42	−41.52	−57.32	−65.21	−74.94
Maximum	33.03	43.48	23.55	19.13	202.27	110.9	70.27	55.64	141.98	108.51	178.9	119.11	177	159.69	9.84	8.09	47.14	29.07	215.95	138.41
Average heterosis	8.49	19.64	2.09	−3.59	27.96	−1.22	13.35	1.23	14.46	2.92	37.24	13.01	18.57	1.45	−16.62	−24.12	−1.61	−15.57	30.49	3.42
No. of crosses with positive heterosis	14 (12)	19 (13)	12 (8)	7 (2)	11 (5)	8 (2)	14 (7)	11 (6)	11 (4)	9 (3)	16 (14)	12 (8)	12 (9)	10 (5)	4 (2)	2 (1)	7 (7)	4 (2)	14 (3)	10 (1)
No. of crosses with negative heterosis	7 (3)	2 (1)	9 (4)	14 (8)	10 (3)	13 (4)	7 (2)	10 (5)	10 (1)	12 (2)	5 (4)	9 (7)	9 (6)	11 (9)	17 (16)	19 (17)	13 (10)	17 (15)	7 (1)	11 (3)

, , Significant at , 0.01, and 0.001, respectively. Figures in parenthesis indicate significant values.