Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Molecular Description of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Meat and Meat Products

Figure 1

(a) Gel electrophoresis of PCR products for the detection of algD and algU virulence factors. M 100 bp ladder, 1–3: positive samples for algD (275 bp) and algU (410 bp) virulence factors, PC: positive control, and NC: negative control. (b) Gel electrophoresis of PCR products for the detection of lasB, toxA, plcH, plcN, and exoS virulence factors. M 100 bp ladder, 1–9: positive samples for virulence factors and their positive controls, and NC: negative control. (c) Gel electrophoresis of PCR products for the detection of pilA, pilB, phzM, apr, phzH, phzS, exoU, and exoY virulence factors. M 1000 bp ladder, 1–8 and 10–14 and 16: positive samples for virulence factors and their positive controls, NC: negative control, and 9 and 15: negative samples for virulence factors. (d) Gel electrophoresis of PCR products for the detection of lasA, exoT, and pvdA virulence factors. M 1000 bp ladder, 1–6: positive samples for virulence factors and their positive controls, NC: negative control. (e) Gel electrophoresis of PCR products for the detection of blaTEM, blaOXA, and blaSHV antibiotic resistance genes. M 100 bp ladder, 1–6: positive samples for virulence factors and their positive controls, NC: negative control. (f) Gel electrophoresis of PCR products for the detection of the blaCTX-M antibiotic resistance gene. M 100 bp ladder, 1–3: positive samples, PC: positive control, and NC: negative control. (g) Gel electrophoresis of PCR products for the detection of blaDHA antibiotic resistance gene. M 100 bp ladder, 1–3: positive samples, PC: positive control, and NC: negative control. (h) Gel electrophoresis of PCR products for the detection of blaVEB antibiotic resistance gene. M 100 bp ladder, 1–5: positive samples, PC: positive control, and NC: negative control. (i) Gel electrophoresis of PCR products for the detection of gyrA and parC antibiotic resistance gene. M 100 bp ladder, 1–4: positive samples, PC: positive control, and NC: negative control.