Phenolic Profile, Sugar Composition, and Antioxidant Capacities of Some Common Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Cultivars as a Potential Nutraceutical and Functional Food Ingredients

Table 4

Phenolic profile obtained by chromatographic analysis (HPLC) of seven Tunisian date palm cultivars.

Compounds	RT (min)	T1	T2	K1	K2	G1	G2	DN
Quinic acid	2.087	12.80 ± 1.65^C	45.04 ± 7.08^B	ND	62.21 ± 4.63^A	14.16 ± 2.22^C	ND	15.17 ± 1.13^C
1.3-Dicafenoyquinic acid	1.682	0.90 ± 0.18^C	1.39 ± 0.18^B	2.01 ± 0.16^A	1.90 ± 0.15^A	1.01 ± 0.16^C	1.87 ± 0.14^A	ND
Gallic acid	1.588	0.19 ± 0.05^CD	0.62 ± 0.05^B	0.23 ± 0.03^C	0.82 ± 0.06^A	0.16 ± 0.01^CD	0.13 ± 0.01^DE	0.08 ± 0.01^E
Protocatechuic acid	4.61	1.23 ± 0.01^A	0.16 ± 0.01^D	0.66 ± 0.05^B	0.34 ± 0.04^C	1.30 ± 0.10^A	0.32 ± 0.02^C	0.71 ± 0.06^B
Catechin (+)	7.726	0.98 ± 0.07^B	ND	ND	ND	0.65 ± 0.05^C	ND	1.94 ± 0.16^A
Epicatechin	12.649	5.23 ± 0.82^B	0.60 ± 0.09^D	0.23 ± 0.03^D	0.23 ± 0.04^D	2.60 ± 0.41^C	0.25 ± 0.03^D	6.57 ± 0.49^A
P-coumaric acid	16.246	0.52 ± 0.04^B	0.90 ± 0.07^A	0.31 ± 0.02^C	0.63 ± 0.10^B	0.55 ± 0.09^B	0.49 ± 0.06^B	0.33 ± 0.05^C
Trans ferulic acid	19.483	0.78 ± 0.12^C	1.87 ± 0.14^A	0.45 ± 0.07^D	1.13 ± 0.09^B	0.60 ± 0.09^CD	0.83 ± 0.10^C	0.66 ± 0.08^CD
Rutin	21.571	14.50 ± 2.27^B	5.17 ± 0.35^D	1.68 ± 0.11^E	3.22 ± 0.24^DE	10.89 ± 0.81^C	9.70 ± 0.72^C	20.89 ± 1.55^A
Hyperoside	22.08	5.82 ± 0.39^B	2.26 ± 0.17^D	0.50 ± 0.08^E	1.99 ± 0.16^D	4.44 ± 0.70^C	5.04 ± 0.58^BC	8.47 ± 0.63^A
Luteolin-7-o-glucoside	22.28	0.80 ± 0.06^E	0.96 ± 0.11^DE	1.18 ± 0.19^DE	4.32 ± 0.32^B	7.16 ± 1.13^A	2.09 ± 0.24^CD	3.06 ± 0.23^C
Quercetin-3-o-rhamonoside	24.054	2.14 ± 0.16^A	0.44 ± 0.03^C	0.11 ± 0.01^D	0.72 ± 0.11^C	2.13 ± 0.16^A	1.70 ± 0.13^B	1.52 ± 0.17^B
Apigenin-7-o-glucoside	24.56	ND	ND	ND	0.10 ± 0.01^A	0.04 ± 0.00^B	ND	ND
Quercetin	29.033	0.05 ± 0.00^A	ND	0.02 ± 0.00^D	0.04 ± 0.00^B	0.03 ± 0.00^C	ND	0.04 ± 0.00^B
Trans cinnamic	29.135	0.59 ± 0.04^C	0.45 ± 0.07^C	1.48 ± 0.12^A	1.30 ± 0.20^A	0.54 ± 0.04^C	0.99 ± 0.07^B	0.91 ± 0.07^B
Kaempferol	29.178	3.20 ± 0.26^B	6.35 ± 0.63^AB	4.35 ± 0.43^B	8.56 ± 0.84^AB	10.46 ± 0.84^A	8.76 ± 5.59^AB	10.59 ± 0.85^A
Naringenin	31.346	0.09 ± 0.01^A	ND	ND	0.10 ± 0.01^A	0.06 ± 0.01^B	0.10 ± 0.01^A	ND
Apigenin	31.964	4.76 ± 6.72^A	0.02 ± 0.00^B	0.04 ± 0.00^B	0.04 ± 0.00^B	0.02 ± 0.00^B	0.03 ± 0.00^B	0.01 ± 0.00^B
Luteolin	32.269	0.15 ± 0.01^A	0.14 ± 0.02^A	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
∑ (mg/kg·FW)		54.72 ± 5.37^D	66.23 ± 6.42^BC	13.25 ± 0.46^F	87.70 ± 4.62^A	56.91 ± 5.15^CD	32.31 ± 3.58^E	70.94 ± 3.20^B
Number of compounds		18	15	14	17	18	14	15

The results are given as the mean values ± SD (n = 3); data with different superscript letters in the same line are significant (); ND, not detected; RT, retention time.